Dongxia Li1,2, Shan Jiang2, Xingzhe Yin2,3, Jeffrey Wen Wei Chang2, Jie Ke1, Chengfei Zhang2. 1. 1 Department of Stomatology, Air Force General Hospital of the PLA , Haidian District, Beijing, China . 2. 2 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China . 3. 3 VIP Dental Service & Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University , Haidian District, Beijing, China .
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to use high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the efficacy of four irrigation techniques [needle, ultrasonic, EndoActivator, and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS)] in removing calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) from the root canal and isthmus of maxillary premolars. METHODS:Twenty-four maxillary first premolars were selected based on the presence of isthmus regions on micro-CT scans. Root canals were instrumented with an F2 file using ProTaper rotary instruments and filled with Ca(OH)2 paste. Samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week and randomly divided into four groups (n=6 each), according to irrigation technique. Samples were scanned with micro-CT before instrumentation, after Ca(OH)2 filling, and after irrigation. Ca(OH)2 reduction in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and in the isthmus were assessed with three-dimensional image analysis. Next, specimens were split longitudinally, and canal walls were examined with SEM for Ca(OH)2 residues. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p=0.05). RESULTS: The PIPS and ultrasonic groups showed greater Ca(OH)2 reduction in the apical third and higher cleanliness of the isthmus than the EndoActivator and needle irrigation groups (p<0.05). Ca(OH)2 residue scores in the PIPS and ultrasonic groups were significantly lower than those in the EndoActivator and needle groups in all regions of the root canals (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between PIPS and ultrasonic groups (p>0.05), or between EndoActivator and needle groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:PIPS and ultrasonic irrigation more effectively removed Ca(OH)2 from the main canal and isthmus in maxillary premolars than did EndoActivator or needle irrigation.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to use high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the efficacy of four irrigation techniques [needle, ultrasonic, EndoActivator, and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS)] in removing calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) from the root canal and isthmus of maxillary premolars. METHODS: Twenty-four maxillary first premolars were selected based on the presence of isthmus regions on micro-CT scans. Root canals were instrumented with an F2 file using ProTaper rotary instruments and filled with Ca(OH)2 paste. Samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week and randomly divided into four groups (n=6 each), according to irrigation technique. Samples were scanned with micro-CT before instrumentation, after Ca(OH)2 filling, and after irrigation. Ca(OH)2 reduction in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and in the isthmus were assessed with three-dimensional image analysis. Next, specimens were split longitudinally, and canal walls were examined with SEM for Ca(OH)2 residues. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p=0.05). RESULTS: The PIPS and ultrasonic groups showed greater Ca(OH)2 reduction in the apical third and higher cleanliness of the isthmus than the EndoActivator and needle irrigation groups (p<0.05). Ca(OH)2 residue scores in the PIPS and ultrasonic groups were significantly lower than those in the EndoActivator and needle groups in all regions of the root canals (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between PIPS and ultrasonic groups (p>0.05), or between EndoActivator and needle groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:PIPS and ultrasonic irrigation more effectively removed Ca(OH)2 from the main canal and isthmus in maxillary premolars than did EndoActivator or needle irrigation.
Authors: Markus Laky; Melanie Volmer; Muazzez Arslan; Hermann Agis; Andreas Moritz; Barbara Cvikl Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2018-04-23 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Alexander Rasch; Hendrik Naujokat; Fanlu Wang; Andreas Seekamp; Sabine Fuchs; Tim Klüter Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-06-20 Impact factor: 3.240