| Literature DB >> 26061076 |
Milena Siciliano Nascimento1, Cristiane Prado1, Eduardo Juan Troster1, Naiana Valério1, Marcela Batan Alith2, João Fernando Lourenço de Almeida1.
Abstract
Objective To determine the risk factors associated with stridor, with special attention to the role of the cuffed orotracheal cannula. Methods Prospective analysis of all the intubated patients submitted to mechanical ventilator support from January 2008 to April 2011. The relevant factors for stridor collected were age, weight, size and type of airway tube, diagnosis, and duration of mechanical ventilation. The effects of variables on stridor were evaluated using uni- and multivariate logistic regression models. Results A total of 136 patients were included. Mean age was 1.4 year (3 days to 17 years). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 73.5 hours. Fifty-six patients (41.2%) presented with stridor after extubation. The total reintubation rate was 19.6% and 12.5 in patients with and without stridor, respectively. The duration of mechanical ventilation (>72 hours) was associated with a greater risk for stridor (odds ratio of 8.60; 95% confidence interval of 2.98-24.82; p<0.001). The presence of the cuffed orotracheal cannula was not associated with stridor (odds ratio of 98; 95% confidence interval of 0.46-2.06; p=0.953). Conclusion The main risk factor for stridor after extubation in our population was duration of mechanical ventilation. The presence of the cuffed orotracheal cannula was not associated with increased risk for stridor, reinforcing the use of the cuffed orotracheal cannula in children with respiratory distress.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26061076 PMCID: PMC4943814 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015AO3255
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Demographics and characteristics of patients submitted to mechanical ventilation (>24 hours)
| Characteristics | Patients |
|---|---|
| n (%) | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 70 (51.5) |
| Female | 66 (48.5) |
| Age (years) | |
| <1 | 45 (33.1) |
| 1-2 | 24 (17.6) |
| 2-6 | 31 (22.8) |
| >6 | 36 (26.5) |
| PICU admission | |
| Clinical | 91 (66.9) |
| Surgical | 45 (33.1) |
| Diagnosis | |
| Respiratory | 65 (47.8) |
| Neurological | 9 (6.6) |
| Oncological | 12 (8.8) |
| Severe sepsis/septic shock | 5 (3.7) |
| Surgical | 45 (33.1) |
PICU: pediatric intensive care unit.
Figure 1Size of orotracheal cannula, in millimeters, and number of patients
Figure 2Age distribution of cuffed orotracheal cannula and uncuffed orotracheal cannula (%)
Effects of variables on stridor using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models
| Stridor | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes |
| p value |
| p value | |||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | (95%CI) | (95%CI) | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 41 | (61.2) | 26 | (38.8) | 0.85 (0.42-1.73) | 0.661 | ||
| Female | 35 | (57.4) | 26 | (42.6) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| <1 | 22 | (48.9) | 23 | (51.1) | 0.037 | 0.308 | ||
| 1-2 | 11 | (45.8) | 13 | (54.2) | 1.13 (0.42-3.05) | 0.809 | 0.93 (0.24-3.53) | 0.91 |
| 2-6 | 19 | (61.3) | 12 | (38.7) | 0.60 (0.24-1.53) | 0.288 | 0.47 (0.10-2.08) | 0.318 |
| >6 | 28 | (77.8) | 8 | (22.2) | 0.27 (0.10-0.73) | 0.009 | 0.15 (0.02-1.16) | 0.069 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| <10 | 31 | (50.8) | 30 | (49.2) | 0.077 | 0.873 | ||
| 10-15 | 11 | (50.0) | 11 | (50.0) | 1.03 (0.39-2.74) | 0.947 | 1.82 (0.45-7.45) | 0.404 |
| 15-22 | 11 | (61.1) | 7 | (38.9) | 0.66 (0.23-1.92) | 0.444 | 1.43 (0.28-7.35) | 0.669 |
| >22 | 27 | (77.1) | 8 | (22.9) | 0.31 (0.12-0.78) | 0.013 | 1.33 (0.19-9.34) | 0.773 |
| Cuffed OTC | ||||||||
| No | 38 | (61.3) | 24 | (38.7) | 0.291 | |||
| Deflated cuff | 8 | (42.1) | 11 | (57.9) | 2.18 (0.77-6.19) | 0.144 | ||
| Inflated cuff | 34 | (61.8) | 21 | (38.2) | 0.98 (0.46-2.06) | 0.953 | ||
| MV duration (hours) | ||||||||
| <24 | 36 | (81.8) | 8 | (18.2) | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 24-72 | 25 | (52.1) | 23 | (47.9) | 4.14 (1.60-10.73) | 0.003 | 5.40 (1.96-14.90) | 0.001 |
| >72 | 19 | (43.2) | 25 | (56.8) | 5.92 (2.24-15.63) | <0.001 | 8.60 (2.98-24.82) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis upon admission | ||||||||
| Surgical | 30 | (66.7) | 15 | (33.3) | 0.280 | |||
| Neurological | 5 | (55.6) | 4 | (44.4) | 1.93 (0.44-8.47) | 0.382 | ||
| Oncological | 8 | (66.7) | 4 | (33.3) | 1.21 (0.31-4.78) | 0.787 | ||
| Respiratory | 33 | (50.8) | 32 | (49.2) | 2.42 (1.05-5.58) | 0.039 | ||
| Severe sepsis/septic shock | 4 | (80.0) | 1 | (20.0) | 0.81 (0.08-8.54) | 0.858 | ||
| OTC size (median - SD) | 4.7 | (1.2) | 4.5 | (1.0) | 0.82 (0.60-1.13) | 0.218 | ||
95%CI: 95% confidence interval; OTC: orotracheal cannula; MV: mechanical ventilation; SD: standard deviation.
Dados demográficos e características de pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica (>24 horas)
| Características | Pacientes |
|---|---|
| n (%) | |
| Sexo | |
| Masculino | 70 (51,5) |
| Feminino | 66 (48,5) |
| Idade (anos) | |
| <1 | 45 (33,1) |
| 1-2 | 24 (17,6) |
| 2-6 | 31 (22,8) |
| >6 | 36 (26,5) |
| Admissão à UTIP | |
| Clínica | 91 (66,9) |
| Cirúrgica | 45 (33,1) |
| Diagnóstico | |
| Respiratório | 65 (47,8) |
| Neurológico | 9 (6,6) |
| Oncológico | 12 (8,8) |
| Sepse grave/choque séptico | 5 (3,7) |
| Cirúrgico | 45 (33,1) |
UTIP: unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica.
Figura 1Tamanho da cânula orotraqueal, em milímetros, e número de pacientes
Figura 2Distribuição de idade para a cânula orotraqueal com e sem cuff (%)
Efeitos das variáveis sobre o estridor usando modelos de regressão logística univariada e multivariada
| Estridor | Univariada | Multivariada | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Não | Sim |
| Valor de p |
| Valor de p | |||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | (IC95%) | (IC95%) | |||
| Sexo | ||||||||
| Masculino | 41 | (61,2) | 26 | (38,8) | 0,85 (0,42-1,73) | 0,661 | ||
| Feminino | 35 | (57,4) | 26 | (42,6) | ||||
| Idade (ano) | ||||||||
| <1 | 22 | (48,9) | 23 | (51,1) | 0,037 | 0,308 | ||
| 1-2 | 11 | (45,8) | 13 | (54,2) | 1,13 (0,42-3,05) | 0,809 | 0,93 (0,24-3,53) | 0,91 |
| 2-6 | 19 | (61,3) | 12 | (38,7) | 0,60 (0,24-1,53) | 0,288 | 0,47 (0,10-2,08) | 0,318 |
| >6 | 28 | (77,8) | 8 | (22,2) | 0,27 (0,10-0,73) | 0,009 | 0,15 (0,02-1,16) | 0,069 |
| Peso (kg) | ||||||||
| <10 | 31 | (50,8) | 30 | (49,2) | 0,077 | 0,873 | ||
| 10-15 | 11 | (50,0) | 11 | (50,0) | 1,03 (0,39-2,74) | 0,947 | 1,82 (0,45-7,45) | 0,404 |
| 15-22 | 11 | (61,1) | 7 | (38,9) | 0,66 (0,23-1,92) | 0,444 | 1,43 (0,28-7,35) | 0,669 |
| >22 | 27 | (77,1) | 8 | (22,9) | 0,31 (0,12-0,78) | 0,013 | 1,33 (0,19-9,34) | 0,773 |
| COT com | ||||||||
| Não | 38 | (61,3) | 24 | (38,7) | 0,291 | |||
|
| 8 | (42,1) | 11 | (57,9) | 2,18 (0,77-6,19) | 0,144 | ||
|
| 34 | (61,8) | 21 | (38,2) | 0,98 (0,46-2,06) | 0,953 | ||
| Duração de VM (horas) | ||||||||
| <24 | 36 | (81,8) | 8 | (18,2) | 0,001 | <0,001 | ||
| 24-72 | 25 | (52,1) | 23 | (47,9) | 4,14 (1,60-10,73) | 0,003 | 5,40 (1,96-14,90) | 0,001 |
| >72 | 19 | (43,2) | 25 | (56,8) | 5,92 (2,24-15,63) | <0,001 | 8,60 (2,98-24,82) | <0,001 |
| Diagnóstico na admissão | ||||||||
| Cirúrgico | 30 | (66,7) | 15 | (33,3) | 0,280 | |||
| Neurológico | 5 | (55,6) | 4 | (44,4) | 1,93 (0,44-8,47) | 0,382 | ||
| Oncológico | 8 | (66,7) | 4 | (33,3) | 1,21 (0,31-4,78) | 0,787 | ||
| Respiratório | 33 | (50,8) | 32 | (49,2) | 2,42 (1,05-5,58) | 0,039 | ||
| Sepse grave/choque séptico | 4 | (80,0) | 1 | (20,0) | 0,81 (0,08-8,54) | 0,858 | ||
| Tamanho COT (mediano - DP) | 4,7 | (1,2) | 4,5 | (1,0) | 0,82 (0,60-1,13) | 0,218 | ||
IC95%: intervalo de confiança de 95%; COT: cânula orotraqueal; VM: ventilação mecânica; DP: desvio padrão.