Huang-Chung Chen1, Mien-Cheng Chen2, Yung-Lung Chen1, Tzu-Hsien Tsai1, Kuo-Li Pan3, Yu-Sheng Lin3. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan. 2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan chenmien@ms76.hinet.net. 3. Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Abstract
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of bundled skin antiseptic preparation to prevent cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2010 to November 2013, 665 consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the strategy of skin preparation. In Period 1 (January 2010 to June 2012), 395 patients received the standard skin antiseptic preparation. In Period 2 (July 2012 to November 2013), 270 patients received a triple-step skin antiseptic preparation, 'bundled skin antiseptic preparation', consisting of applying 75% alcohol over anterior chest on the night before the index day, povidone-iodine 10 min before operation, and the standard skin antiseptic preparation before incision. During follow-up, the occurrence of CIED infection was recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determinate the risk factors of CIED infection. During a mean follow-up of 26.9 ± 16.2 months, 20 episodes of CIED infection developed in 19 patients (2.9%), and the incidence of minor and major infection episodes was 2.2% and 0.8%, respectively. Patients with the bundled skin antiseptic preparation had a significantly lower incidence of CIED infection, compared with patients with the standard preparation (0.7 vs. 4.3%, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, pocket haematoma (P = 0.020), atrial fibrillation (P = 0.033), and complex procedures (P = 0.047) were independent predictors for CIED infection. In contrast, the bundled skin antiseptic preparation was a significant predictor against CIED infection (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Pocket haematoma was the most important risk factor for CIED infection. The bundled skin antiseptic preparation strategy significantly reduced the risk of minor CIED infection. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of bundled skin antiseptic preparation to prevent cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2010 to November 2013, 665 consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the strategy of skin preparation. In Period 1 (January 2010 to June 2012), 395 patients received the standard skin antiseptic preparation. In Period 2 (July 2012 to November 2013), 270 patients received a triple-step skin antiseptic preparation, 'bundled skin antiseptic preparation', consisting of applying 75% alcohol over anterior chest on the night before the index day, povidone-iodine 10 min before operation, and the standard skin antiseptic preparation before incision. During follow-up, the occurrence of CIED infection was recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determinate the risk factors of CIED infection. During a mean follow-up of 26.9 ± 16.2 months, 20 episodes of CIED infection developed in 19 patients (2.9%), and the incidence of minor and major infection episodes was 2.2% and 0.8%, respectively. Patients with the bundled skin antiseptic preparation had a significantly lower incidence of CIED infection, compared with patients with the standard preparation (0.7 vs. 4.3%, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, pocket haematoma (P = 0.020), atrial fibrillation (P = 0.033), and complex procedures (P = 0.047) were independent predictors for CIED infection. In contrast, the bundled skin antiseptic preparation was a significant predictor against CIED infection (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Pocket haematoma was the most important risk factor for CIED infection. The bundled skin antiseptic preparation strategy significantly reduced the risk of minor CIED infection. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.