Effects of the protonophore carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone on intracytoplasmic membrane assembly in Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

The effect of carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP) on intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) assembly was examined in the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. CCCP blocks generation of the electrochemical proton gradient required for integral membrane protein insertion. ICM formation was induced for 8h, followed by a 4-h exposure to CCCP. Measurements of fluorescence induction/relaxation kinetics showed that CCCP caused a diminished quantum yield, a cessation in expansion of the functional absorption cross-section and a 4- to 10-fold slowing in the electron transfer turnover rate. ICM vesicles (chromatophores) and an upper-pigmented band (UPB) containing ICM growth initiation sites, were isolated and subjected to clear-native electrophoresis. Proteomic analysis of the chromatophore gel bands indicated that CCCP produced a 2.7-fold reduction in spectral counts in the preferentially assembled light-harvesting 2 (LH2) antenna, while the RC-LH1 complex, F1FO-ATPase and pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase decreased by 1.7-1.9-fold. For 35 soluble enzymes, the ratio of 0.99 for treated/control proteins demonstrated that protein synthesis was unaffected by CCCP, suggesting that the membrane complex decline arose from the turnover of unassembled apoproteins. In the UPB fraction, an ~2-fold accumulation was observed for the preprotein translocase SecY, the SecA translocation ATPase, SecD and SecF insertion components, and chaperonins DnaJ and DnaK, consistent with the possibility that these factors, which act early in the assembly process, have accumulated in association with nascent polypeptides as stabilized assembly intermediates.