Roya Kelishadi1, Atefeh Noori2, Mostafa Qorbani3,4, Shadi Rahimzadeh2, Shirin Djalalinia2,5, Gita Shafiee4, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh6, Gelayol Ardalan1, Hossein Ansari7, Hamid Asayesh8, Zeinab Ahadi4, Ramin Heshmat4. 1. a Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan. 2. b Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 3. c Department of Community Medicine , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj. 4. d Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran. 5. e Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology , Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran. 6. f Pediatrics Department , Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. 7. g Health Promotion Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. 8. h Department of Medical Emergencies , Qom University of Medical Sciences , Qom , Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important risky behavior in adolescents worldwide. Active and passive smoking have adverse health effects at public and individual levels. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association of active and passive smoking with cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of Iranian adolescents. METHODS: Participants consisted of 5625 students, aged 10-18 years, studied in the third survey of a national school-based surveillance system. Participants were classified into three groups based on smoking pattern: active smoker, passive smoker, and exposure to smoke (active or passive or both of them). Considering the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the paediatric age group, metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined as the co-existence of three out of five components of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and depressed high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 14.7 (2.4) years. Mean level of HDL-C was significantly lower in all types of smoking compared to non-smokers. Low HDL-C and MetS had significant association with active smoking (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33-3.31 and OR 5.24, 95% CI 2.41-11.37), passive smoking (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.43 and OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.96), and smoking exposure (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43 and OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.22-3.31), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that both smoking and exposure to smoke are associated with an increased risk of MetS and some of the cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Preventive measures against passive smoking should be considered as a health priority in the paediatric age groups.
BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important risky behavior in adolescents worldwide. Active and passive smoking have adverse health effects at public and individual levels. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association of active and passive smoking with cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of Iranian adolescents. METHODS:Participants consisted of 5625 students, aged 10-18 years, studied in the third survey of a national school-based surveillance system. Participants were classified into three groups based on smoking pattern: active smoker, passive smoker, and exposure to smoke (active or passive or both of them). Considering the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the paediatric age group, metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined as the co-existence of three out of five components of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and depressed high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 14.7 (2.4) years. Mean level of HDL-C was significantly lower in all types of smoking compared to non-smokers. Low HDL-C and MetS had significant association with active smoking (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33-3.31 and OR 5.24, 95% CI 2.41-11.37), passive smoking (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.43 and OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.96), and smoking exposure (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43 and OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.22-3.31), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that both smoking and exposure to smoke are associated with an increased risk of MetS and some of the cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Preventive measures against passive smoking should be considered as a health priority in the paediatric age groups.
Authors: Najat Yahia; Carrie A Brown; Ericka Snyder; Stephanie Cumper; Andrea Langolf; Chelsey Trayer; Chelsea Green Journal: J Community Health Date: 2017-08
Authors: Jana Jurkovičová; Katarína Hirošová; Diana Vondrová; Martin Samohýl; Zuzana Štefániková; Alexandra Filová; Ivana Kachútová; Jana Babjaková; Ľubica Argalášová Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-21 Impact factor: 3.390