Angela Kribs1, Claudia Roll2, Wolfgang Göpel3, Christian Wieg4, Peter Groneck5, Reinhard Laux6, Norbert Teig7, Thomas Hoehn8, Wolfgang Böhm9, Lars Welzing10, Matthias Vochem11, Marc Hoppenz12, Christoph Bührer13, Katrin Mehler1, Hartmut Stützer14, Jeremy Franklin14, Andreas Stöhr15, Egbert Herting3, Bernhard Roth1. 1. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 2. Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Witten-Herdecke, Vest Children's Hospital, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 3. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. 4. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg, Germany. 5. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany. 6. Department of Neonatology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany. 7. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. 8. Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 9. Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Siegen, Siegen, Germany. 10. Department of Neonatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 11. Department of Neonatology, Olgahospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. 12. Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany. 13. Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany. 14. Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 15. Center for Clinical Studies, Cologne, Germany.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants withcontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) preserves surfactant and keeps the lung open but is insufficient in severe surfactant deficiency. Traditional surfactant administration is related to short periods of positive pressure ventilation and implies the risk of lung injury. CPAP with surfactant but without any positive pressure ventilation may work synergistically. This randomized trial investigated a less invasive surfactant application protocol (LISA). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that LISA increases survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' gestational age in extremely preterm infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Nonintubated Surfactant Application trial was a multicenter, randomized, clinical, parallel-group study conducted between April 15, 2009, and March 25, 2012, in 13 level III neonatal intensive care units in Germany. The final follow-up date was June 21, 2012. Participants included 211 of 558 eligible (37.8%) spontaneously breathing preterm infants born between 23.0 and 26.8 weeks' gestational age with signs of respiratory distress syndrome. In an intention-to-treat design, infants were randomly assigned to receive surfactant either via a thin endotracheal catheter during CPAP-assisted spontaneous breathing (intervention group) or after conventional endotracheal intubation during mechanical ventilation (control group). Analysis was conducted from September 6, 2012, to June 20, 2013. INTERVENTION: LISA via a thin catheter. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Survival without BPD at 36 weeks' gestational age. RESULTS: Of 211 infants who were randomized, 104 were randomized to the control group and 107 to the LISA group. Of the infants who received LISA, 72 (67.3%) survived without BPD compared with 61 (58.7%) of those in the control group. The reduction in absolute risk was 8.6% (95% CI, -5.0% to 21.9%; P = .20). Intervention group infants were less frequently intubated (80 infants [74.8%] vs 103 [99.0%]; P < .001) and required fewer days of mechanical ventilation. Significant reductions were seen in pneumothorax (5 of 105 intervention group infants [4.8%] vs 13 of 103 12.6%]; P = .04) and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (11 infants [10.3%] vs 23 [22.1%]; P = .02), and the combined survival without severe adverse events was increased in the intervention group (54 infants [50.5%] vs 37 [35.6%]; P = .02; absolute risk reduction, 14.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 28.2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: LISA did not increase survival without BPD but was associated with increased survival without major complications. Because major complications are related to lifelong disabilities, LISA may be a promising therapy for extremely preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN64011614.
RCT Entities:
IMPORTANCE: Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) preserves surfactant and keeps the lung open but is insufficient in severe surfactant deficiency. Traditional surfactant administration is related to short periods of positive pressure ventilation and implies the risk of lung injury. CPAP with surfactant but without any positive pressure ventilation may work synergistically. This randomized trial investigated a less invasive surfactant application protocol (LISA). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that LISA increases survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' gestational age in extremely preterm infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Nonintubated Surfactant Application trial was a multicenter, randomized, clinical, parallel-group study conducted between April 15, 2009, and March 25, 2012, in 13 level III neonatal intensive care units in Germany. The final follow-up date was June 21, 2012. Participants included 211 of 558 eligible (37.8%) spontaneously breathing preterm infants born between 23.0 and 26.8 weeks' gestational age with signs of respiratory distress syndrome. In an intention-to-treat design, infants were randomly assigned to receive surfactant either via a thin endotracheal catheter during CPAP-assisted spontaneous breathing (intervention group) or after conventional endotracheal intubation during mechanical ventilation (control group). Analysis was conducted from September 6, 2012, to June 20, 2013. INTERVENTION: LISA via a thin catheter. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Survival without BPD at 36 weeks' gestational age. RESULTS: Of 211 infants who were randomized, 104 were randomized to the control group and 107 to the LISA group. Of the infants who received LISA, 72 (67.3%) survived without BPD compared with 61 (58.7%) of those in the control group. The reduction in absolute risk was 8.6% (95% CI, -5.0% to 21.9%; P = .20). Intervention group infants were less frequently intubated (80 infants [74.8%] vs 103 [99.0%]; P < .001) and required fewer days of mechanical ventilation. Significant reductions were seen in pneumothorax (5 of 105 intervention group infants [4.8%] vs 13 of 103 12.6%]; P = .04) and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (11 infants [10.3%] vs 23 [22.1%]; P = .02), and the combined survival without severe adverse events was increased in the intervention group (54 infants [50.5%] vs 37 [35.6%]; P = .02; absolute risk reduction, 14.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 28.2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: LISA did not increase survival without BPD but was associated with increased survival without major complications. Because major complications are related to lifelong disabilities, LISA may be a promising therapy for extremely preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN64011614.
Authors: Bernard Thébaud; Kara N Goss; Matthew Laughon; Jeffrey A Whitsett; Steven H Abman; Robin H Steinhorn; Judy L Aschner; Peter G Davis; Sharon A McGrath-Morrow; Roger F Soll; Alan H Jobe Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2019-11-14 Impact factor: 52.329