Lessons Learned from Animal Models of Inherited Bleeding Disorders.

Advances in treatment of hemophilia and von Willebrand disease (VWD) depend heavily on the availability of well-characterized animal models. These animals faithfully recapitulate the severe bleeding phenotype that occurs in humans with these inherited bleeding disorders. Research in these animal models represents important early and intermediate steps of translational research aimed at addressing current limitations in treatment such as the development of inhibitory antibodies to coagulation factors VIII and IX (FVIII, FIX) or von Willebrand factor (VWF), the life-long need for frequent venous access, the expense of therapy, and the ongoing need for improved ex vivo coagulation assays and in vivo methods for assessing hemostasis. The primary strengths of research that utilizes these highly relevant animal models include the development of better and safer treatments for hemophilia and VWD. Careful consideration of the strengths and limitations of the specific models is essential for optimizing chances for successful translation of advances to clinical medicine that benefits humans and animals.