Yaohong Tan1, Monica T Garcia-Buitrago, Jonathan C Trent, Andrew E Rosenberg. 1. aDepartment of Pathology bDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, and Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the current literature on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and the current status and prospects of effective immunotherapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells populate the microenvironment of GISTs; the most numerous are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3 T cells. TAMs have not been shown to have a relationship with the biological behavior of GISTs; however, the number of CD3 T cells correlates with better outcomes. The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, natural killer cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and Treg cells remains unknown.Imatinib mesylate achieves a clinical response in 80% of patients with GIST. Its antitumor mechanism is partially immune mediated. The combination of imatinib and interferon-α has been shown to be effective against GIST - it eradicates tumor cells including those that are drug resistant. Preclinical trials including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade, anti-KIT antibody, and the generation of designer T cells have shown promising therapeutic effect in animal models of GIST. SUMMARY: GIST contains many tumor-infiltrating immune cells and should be susceptible to immunotherapy; early clinical and preclinical trials have shown promising results that should lead to new investigations and effective forms of direct and synergistic therapies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the current literature on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and the current status and prospects of effective immunotherapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS:Tumor-infiltrating immune cells populate the microenvironment of GISTs; the most numerous are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3 T cells. TAMs have not been shown to have a relationship with the biological behavior of GISTs; however, the number of CD3 T cells correlates with better outcomes. The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, natural killer cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and Treg cells remains unknown.Imatinib mesylate achieves a clinical response in 80% of patients with GIST. Its antitumor mechanism is partially immune mediated. The combination of imatinib and interferon-α has been shown to be effective against GIST - it eradicates tumor cells including those that are drug resistant. Preclinical trials including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade, anti-KIT antibody, and the generation of designer T cells have shown promising therapeutic effect in animal models of GIST. SUMMARY: GIST contains many tumor-infiltrating immune cells and should be susceptible to immunotherapy; early clinical and preclinical trials have shown promising results that should lead to new investigations and effective forms of direct and synergistic therapies.
Authors: Jomjit Chantharasamee; Jacob J Adashek; Karlton Wong; Mark A Eckardt; Bartosz Chmielowski; Sarah Dry; Fritz C Eilber; Arun S Singh Journal: Curr Treat Options Oncol Date: 2021-01-05
Authors: Ming Wang; Bo Ni; Chun Zhuang; Wen-Yi Zhao; Lin Tu; Xin-Li Ma; Lin-Xi Yang; Zhi-Gang Zhang; Hui Cao Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2019-07-29 Impact factor: 4.452