M Mustafa Arslan1, Cem Zeren1, Zeki Aydin2, Ramazan Akcan3, Recep Dokuyucu4, Alper Keten5, Necmi Cekin6. 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey. 2. Department of Chemistry, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hatay, Turkey. 3. Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: drecepfatih@gmail.com. 5. Kahramanmaraş Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. 6. Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Illegal alcohol production remains as a common issue worldwide. Methanol poisoning mostly occurs because of the methanol used in production of counterfeit alcohol instead of ethyl alcohol due to its low price or by drinking the liquids containing methyl alcohol. Pectolytic enzymes results in an increase of methanol levels in many fermentation products such as ciders or wines. Methanol poisonings are infrequently encountered in forensic medicine practice. However, sporadic cases due to methanol intoxication as well as epidemic cases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify existence of methanol and its metabolites in illegally produced alcoholic beverages used in Antakya region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve legally produced alcohol samples and Fifty-six different illegally produced alcohol samples were collected from the markets and local producers. Existence of methanol, formic acid, methyl amine, methyl formate and trioxan were determined using GC-MS method in these samples. RESULTS: Fifty-six different illegal alcohol samples were analyzed in this study and methanol was detected in 39 (75%) of samples. Formic acid was detected in 3, formamide in 1, methyl amine in 6, methyl formate in 10 and trioxan in 2 samples. CONCLUSION: Overwhelming majority of illegal alcoholic beverages was detected to contain methanol. Interestingly this study also revealed the presence of trioxane, which has not previously reported among toxic agents in illegal alcohol samples.
INTRODUCTION: Illegal alcohol production remains as a common issue worldwide. Methanolpoisoning mostly occurs because of the methanol used in production of counterfeit alcohol instead of ethyl alcohol due to its low price or by drinking the liquids containing methyl alcohol. Pectolytic enzymes results in an increase of methanol levels in many fermentation products such as ciders or wines. Methanol poisonings are infrequently encountered in forensic medicine practice. However, sporadic cases due to methanol intoxication as well as epidemic cases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify existence of methanol and its metabolites in illegally produced alcoholic beverages used in Antakya region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve legally produced alcohol samples and Fifty-six different illegally produced alcohol samples were collected from the markets and local producers. Existence of methanol, formic acid, methyl amine, methyl formate and trioxan were determined using GC-MS method in these samples. RESULTS: Fifty-six different illegal alcohol samples were analyzed in this study and methanol was detected in 39 (75%) of samples. Formic acid was detected in 3, formamide in 1, methyl amine in 6, methyl formate in 10 and trioxan in 2 samples. CONCLUSION: Overwhelming majority of illegal alcoholic beverages was detected to contain methanol. Interestingly this study also revealed the presence of trioxane, which has not previously reported among toxic agents in illegal alcohol samples.
Authors: Charlotte Probst; Jakob Manthey; Carina Ferreira-Borges; Maria Neufeld; Ivo Rakovac; Diana Andreasyan; Lela Sturua; Irina Novik; Gahraman Hagverdiyev; Galina Obreja; Nurila Altymysheva; Muhammet Ergeshov; Shukhrat Shukrov; Safar Saifuddinov; Jürgen Rehm Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-12-15 Impact factor: 2.692