Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery anatomical resections: a new perspective for treatment of lung cancer.

The lung isolation under general anaesthesia with double lumen tubes has become an indispensable part of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer. However, with an attempt to avoid the residual effects of muscle relaxants and the systemic complications due to tracheal intubation, anesthesia without tracheal intubation has also been applied in VATS surgeries for lung cancer. Currently, non-intubated anesthesia under spontaneous breathing has been widely applied in VATS, contributing to more stable anesthesia and lower rate of switching to intubated anesthesia. It can be applied in most VATS procedures including anatomical pulmonary lobectomy, anatomical segmentectomy, and radical resection for lung cancer. In the selected lung cancer patients, non-intubated anesthesia under spontaneous breathing makes the VATS procedures safer and more feasible. With an equal chance for surgery as the intubated anesthesia, this technique lowers the incidences of peri-operative complications and speeds up post-operative recovery. As a novel surgical option, the anatomic VATS under non-intubated anesthesia under spontaneous breathing have shown to be promising. Nevertheless, the long-term outcomes require further evaluation in more multi-center prospective clinical trials with larger sample sizes.