Hematopoietic stem cells: cancer involvement and myeloid leukemia.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare multipotent cells that possess ability to self-renew and differentiate to progenitor cells, which give rise to all blood cell lineages. The process involves specific regulation of gene transcription and its deregulation resulting in imbalance between self-renew and differentiation, can lead to cellular transformation and cancers. Substantial evidence indicates that accumulated mutations in HSCs contribute to the initiation and pathogenesis of at least some hematopoietic cancers. In particular, myeloid leukemias have been extensively characterized with regard to HSC and progenitor involvement. Thus, as a focal point for scientific and therapeutic endeavours, formation of cancer cells from HSCs represents a critical area of investigation. Consequently, understanding how HSCs function and how they undergo to transformation, is of fundamental importance to get insight in their contribution to the hematopoietic cancer development.