Mette Pinholt1, Hanna Larner-Svensson2, Pia Littauer3, Claus E Moser4, Michael Pedersen5, Lars E Lemming6, Tove Ejlertsen7, Turid S Søndergaard8, Barbara J Holzknecht9, Ulrik S Justesen10, Esad Dzajic11, Stefan S Olsen12, Jesper B Nielsen3, Peder Worning3, Anette M Hammerum12, Henrik Westh13, Lotte Jakobsen12. 1. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark mette.pinholt@regionh.dk. 2. The Danish National Biobank, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. 4. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 6. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 7. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. 8. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Herning-Viborg, Denmark. 9. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark. 10. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 11. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Esbjerg Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark. 12. Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 13. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In Denmark, the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has increased since 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and clonal relatedness of VREfm isolates in Danish hospitals in 2012-13 using WGS. The second aim was to evaluate if WGS-based typing could replace PFGE for typing of VREfm. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted including all VREfm isolates submitted for national surveillance from January 2012 to April 2013. All isolates were investigated by WGS, MLST and PFGE. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty-two isolates were included. The majority of the isolates were from clinical samples (77%). Gastroenterology/abdominal surgery (29%) and ICUs (29%) were the predominant departments with VREfm. Genomics revealed a polyclonal structure of the VREfm outbreak. Seven subgroups of 3-44 genetically closely related isolates (separated by <17 SNPs) were identified using WGS. Direct or indirect transmission of VREfm between patients and intra- and inter-regional spreading clones was observed. We identified 10 STs. PFGE identified four major clusters (13-43 isolates) and seven minor clusters (two to three isolates). The results from the typing methods were highly concordant. However, WGS-based typing had the highest discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the importance of infection control measures to limit transmission of VREfm between patients. However, the diversity of the VREfm isolates points to the fact that other important factors may also affect the VREfm increase in Denmark. Finally, WGS is suitable for typing of VREfm and has replaced PFGE for typing of VREfm in Denmark.
OBJECTIVES: In Denmark, the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has increased since 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and clonal relatedness of VREfm isolates in Danish hospitals in 2012-13 using WGS. The second aim was to evaluate if WGS-based typing could replace PFGE for typing of VREfm. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted including all VREfm isolates submitted for national surveillance from January 2012 to April 2013. All isolates were investigated by WGS, MLST and PFGE. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty-two isolates were included. The majority of the isolates were from clinical samples (77%). Gastroenterology/abdominal surgery (29%) and ICUs (29%) were the predominant departments with VREfm. Genomics revealed a polyclonal structure of the VREfm outbreak. Seven subgroups of 3-44 genetically closely related isolates (separated by <17 SNPs) were identified using WGS. Direct or indirect transmission of VREfm between patients and intra- and inter-regional spreading clones was observed. We identified 10 STs. PFGE identified four major clusters (13-43 isolates) and seven minor clusters (two to three isolates). The results from the typing methods were highly concordant. However, WGS-based typing had the highest discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the importance of infection control measures to limit transmission of VREfm between patients. However, the diversity of the VREfm isolates points to the fact that other important factors may also affect the VREfm increase in Denmark. Finally, WGS is suitable for typing of VREfm and has replaced PFGE for typing of VREfm in Denmark.
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