Johannie du Plessis1, Jos van Pelt2, Hannelie Korf3, Chantal Mathieu3, Bart van der Schueren3, Matthias Lannoo4, Tom Oyen4, Baki Topal4, Gary Fetter5, Simon Nayler6, Tessa van der Merwe7, Petra Windmolders2, Luc Van Gaal8, An Verrijken8, Guy Hubens9, Martin Gericke10, David Cassiman11, Sven Francque12, Frederik Nevens11, Schalk van der Merwe13. 1. Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Hepatology and GI Research Laboratory, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 2. Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 3. Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 4. Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 5. Waterfall City Centre of Excellence, Waterfall City Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. 6. Histopathology, The Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa. 7. Waterfall City Centre of Excellence, Waterfall City Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Endocrinology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 8. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium. 9. Department of Abdominal Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium. 10. Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Germany. 11. Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. 12. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium. 13. Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: schalk.vandermerwe@uzleuven.be.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the obesity pandemic. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and phenotypes and functional characteristics of adipocyte tissue macrophages (ATMs), in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: We collected anthropometric data; plasma samples; and SAT, VAT, and liver tissues from 113 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery at academic hospitals in Europe (Antwerp and Leuven) and South Africa. Based on clinical and histologic features, patients were assigned to the following groups: obese, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or NASH with fibrosis. Microarray analyses were performed to identify genes expressed differentially among groups. We measured levels of cytokines and chemokines in plasma samples and levels of RNAs in adipose tissues by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. ATMs were isolated from patients and 13 lean individuals undergoing cholecystectomy (controls), analyzed by flow cytometry, and cultured; immunophenotypes and levels of cytokines and chemokines in supernatants were determined. RESULTS: We observed increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation in adipose tissues from patients with NAFLD and NASH; expression of these genes increased as disease progressed from NAFLD to NASH. We found 111 genes associated with inflammation that were expressed differentially between VAT and SAT. Serum levels of interleukin 8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and tumor necrosis factor-α correlated with liver inflammation and NAFLD activity score. We developed 2 models that could be used to determine patients' liver histology based on gene expression in VAT and SAT. Flow cytometry showed increased proportions of CD11c+CD206+ and CCR2+ macrophages in VAT from patients with NASH, and supernatants of cultured macrophages had increased levels of cytokines and chemokines compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: VAT and SAT from patients with NAFLD and NASH have an increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation, and ATM produce increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, compared with adipose tissues from controls. We identified an expression profile of 5 genes in SAT that accurately predict liver histology in these patients. Transcript profiling: accession numbers: GSE58979 and GSE59045.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the obesity pandemic. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and phenotypes and functional characteristics of adipocyte tissue macrophages (ATMs), in obesepatients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: We collected anthropometric data; plasma samples; and SAT, VAT, and liver tissues from 113 obesepatients undergoing bariatric surgery at academic hospitals in Europe (Antwerp and Leuven) and South Africa. Based on clinical and histologic features, patients were assigned to the following groups: obese, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or NASH with fibrosis. Microarray analyses were performed to identify genes expressed differentially among groups. We measured levels of cytokines and chemokines in plasma samples and levels of RNAs in adipose tissues by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. ATMs were isolated from patients and 13 lean individuals undergoing cholecystectomy (controls), analyzed by flow cytometry, and cultured; immunophenotypes and levels of cytokines and chemokines in supernatants were determined. RESULTS: We observed increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation in adipose tissues from patients with NAFLD and NASH; expression of these genes increased as disease progressed from NAFLD to NASH. We found 111 genes associated with inflammation that were expressed differentially between VAT and SAT. Serum levels of interleukin 8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and tumor necrosis factor-α correlated with liver inflammation and NAFLD activity score. We developed 2 models that could be used to determine patients' liver histology based on gene expression in VAT and SAT. Flow cytometry showed increased proportions of CD11c+CD206+ and CCR2+ macrophages in VAT from patients with NASH, and supernatants of cultured macrophages had increased levels of cytokines and chemokines compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: VAT and SAT from patients with NAFLD and NASH have an increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation, and ATM produce increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, compared with adipose tissues from controls. We identified an expression profile of 5 genes in SAT that accurately predict liver histology in these patients. Transcript profiling: accession numbers: GSE58979 and GSE59045.
Authors: N Hesselbarth; A Kunath; M Kern; M Gericke; N Mejhert; M Rydén; M Stumvoll; M Blüher; N Klöting Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-07-24 Impact factor: 5.095
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