MicroCT-based evaluation of the trabecular bone quality of different implant anchorage sites for masticatory rehabilitation of the maxilla.

In the severely atrophied maxilla, implant anchorage in the zygomatic bone is considered a viable alternative to conventional dental implants with preceding bone augmentation procedures. The present microCT-based study compared the trabecular bone quality of the maxilla and zygomatic bone. MicroCT scanning was conducted in 12 halves of cadaver heads (5 male, 7 female) with edentulous, atrophied maxillae. Relevant trabecular bone quality parameters were determined in the anterior and posterior maxilla and in the zygomatic bone and compared by region and sex. Any difference in mean values between the anterior maxilla and the zygomatic bone was insignificant. Comparison of both with the posterior maxilla presented significantly higher values for bone volume fraction, surface density, and trabecular thickness and number, and significantly lower values for specific bone surface, structure model index, and trabecular separation. A significant sex-specific difference was not detected. The present microCT-based analysis is, to the best of our knowledge, the first intra-individual comparison of different implant anchorage sites for masticatory rehabilitation of the maxilla. The trabecular compartment of the zygomatic bone offered bone quality and, thus, an implant bed comparable with those of the anterior maxilla, and both were superior to the posterior maxilla.