Rebecca J Moon1, Adelynn Lim2, Megan Farmer2, Avinash Segaran2, Nicholas M P Clarke3, Elaine M Dennison4, Nicholas C Harvey5, Cyrus Cooper6, Justin H Davies2. 1. Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. Electronic address: rm@mrc.soton.ac.uk. 2. Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. 3. Paediatric Orthopaedics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. 4. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. 5. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. 6. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Although it has been suggested that overweight and obese children have an increased risk of fracture, recent studies in post-menopausal women have shown that the relationship between obesity and fracture risk varies by fracture site. We therefore assessed whether adiposity and overweight/obesity prevalence differed by upper limb fracture site in children. METHODS: Height, weight, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SFT) were measured in children aged 3-18 years with an acute upper limb fracture. Data was compared across three fracture sites (hand, forearm and upper arm/shoulder [UA]), and to published reference data. RESULTS: 401 children (67.1% male, median age 11.71 years, range 3.54-17.27 years) participated. 34.2%, 50.6% and 15.2% had fractures of the hand, forearm and UA, respectively. Children with forearm fractures had higher weight, BMI, subscapular SFT and fat percentage z-scores than those with UA fractures (p<0.05 for all). SFT and fat percentage z-scores were also higher in children with forearm fractures compared to hand fractures, but children with hand and UA fractures did not differ. Overweight and obesity prevalence was higher in children with forearm fractures (37.6%) than those with UA fractures (19.0%, p=0.009). This prevalence was also higher than the published United Kingdom population prevalence (27.9%, p=0.003), whereas that of children with either UA (p=0.13) or hand fractures (29.1%, p=0.76) did not differ. These differences in anthropometry and overweight/obesity prevalence by fracture site were evident in boys, but not present in girls. CONCLUSION: Measurements of adiposity and the prevalence of overweight/obesity differ by fracture site in children, and in particular boys, with upper limb fractures.
INTRODUCTION: Although it has been suggested that overweight and obese children have an increased risk of fracture, recent studies in post-menopausal women have shown that the relationship between obesity and fracture risk varies by fracture site. We therefore assessed whether adiposity and overweight/obesity prevalence differed by upper limb fracture site in children. METHODS: Height, weight, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SFT) were measured in children aged 3-18 years with an acute upper limb fracture. Data was compared across three fracture sites (hand, forearm and upper arm/shoulder [UA]), and to published reference data. RESULTS: 401 children (67.1% male, median age 11.71 years, range 3.54-17.27 years) participated. 34.2%, 50.6% and 15.2% had fractures of the hand, forearm and UA, respectively. Children with forearm fractures had higher weight, BMI, subscapular SFT and fat percentage z-scores than those with UA fractures (p<0.05 for all). SFT and fat percentage z-scores were also higher in children with forearm fractures compared to hand fractures, but children with hand and UA fractures did not differ. Overweight and obesity prevalence was higher in children with forearm fractures (37.6%) than those with UA fractures (19.0%, p=0.009). This prevalence was also higher than the published United Kingdom population prevalence (27.9%, p=0.003), whereas that of children with either UA (p=0.13) or hand fractures (29.1%, p=0.76) did not differ. These differences in anthropometry and overweight/obesity prevalence by fracture site were evident in boys, but not present in girls. CONCLUSION: Measurements of adiposity and the prevalence of overweight/obesity differ by fracture site in children, and in particular boys, with upper limb fractures.
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