Lotte E Elshof1, Konstantinos Tryfonidis2, Leen Slaets3, A Elise van Leeuwen-Stok4, Victoria P Skinner5, Nicolas Dif6, Ruud M Pijnappel7, Nina Bijker8, Emiel J Th Rutgers9, Jelle Wesseling10. 1. Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: l.elshof@nki.nl. 2. Medical Department, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Avenue E. Mounier 83/11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: konstantinos.tryfonidis@eortc.be. 3. Department of Statistics, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Avenue E. Mounier 83/11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: leen.slaets@eortc.be. 4. BOOG Study Center, PP Box 9236, 1006 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.vanleeuwen@boogstudycenter.nl. 5. Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: v.skinner@nki.nl. 6. Department of Clinical Operations, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Avenue E. Mounier 83/11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: nicolas.dif@eortc.be. 7. Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.m.pijnappel@umcutrecht.nl. 8. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 227700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.bijker@amc.uva.nl. 9. Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.rutgers@nki.nl. 10. Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.wesseling@nki.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The current debate on overdiagnosis and overtreatment of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) urges the need for prospective studies to address this issue. A substantial number of DCIS lesions will never form a health hazard, particularly if it concerns non- to slow-growing low-grade DCIS. The LORD study aims to evaluate the safety of active surveillance in women with low-risk DCIS. DESIGN: This is a randomised, international multicentre, open-label, phase III non-inferiority trial, led by the Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG 2014-04) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC-BCG 1401). Standard treatment will be compared to active surveillance in 1240 women aged ⩾ 45 years with asymptomatic, screen-detected, pure low-grade DCIS based on vacuum-assisted biopsies of microcalcifications only. Both study arms will be monitored with annual digital mammography for a period of 10 years. The primary end-point is 10-year ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free percentage. Secondary end-points include patient reported outcomes, diagnostic biopsy rate during follow-up, ipsilateral mastectomy rate and translational research. FEASIBILITY: To explore interest in and feasibility of the LORD study we conducted a survey among EORTC and BOOG centres. A vast majority of EORTC and BOOG responding centres expressed interest in participation in the LORD study. The proposed study design is endorsed by nearly all centres.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The current debate on overdiagnosis and overtreatment of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) urges the need for prospective studies to address this issue. A substantial number of DCIS lesions will never form a health hazard, particularly if it concerns non- to slow-growing low-grade DCIS. The LORD study aims to evaluate the safety of active surveillance in women with low-risk DCIS. DESIGN: This is a randomised, international multicentre, open-label, phase III non-inferiority trial, led by the Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG 2014-04) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC-BCG 1401). Standard treatment will be compared to active surveillance in 1240 women aged ⩾ 45 years with asymptomatic, screen-detected, pure low-grade DCIS based on vacuum-assisted biopsies of microcalcifications only. Both study arms will be monitored with annual digital mammography for a period of 10 years. The primary end-point is 10-year ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free percentage. Secondary end-points include patient reported outcomes, diagnostic biopsy rate during follow-up, ipsilateral mastectomy rate and translational research. FEASIBILITY: To explore interest in and feasibility of the LORD study we conducted a survey among EORTC and BOOG centres. A vast majority of EORTC and BOOG responding centres expressed interest in participation in the LORD study. The proposed study design is endorsed by nearly all centres.
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