Arabidopsis casein kinase 2 α4 subunit regulates various developmental pathways in a functionally overlapping manner.

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is an essential and well-conserved Ser/Thr kinase that regulates proteins in a posttranslational manner. CK2 has been shown to affect a large number of developmental processes across eukaryotes. It is a tetrameric protein composed of a dimer of alpha (catalytic) and beta (regulatory) subunit each. In our previous study we showed that three of the four CK2 α subunits in Arabidopsis act in a functionally redundant manner to regulate various developmental pathways. In this study we constructed two independent CK2 α4 RNAi lines in the CK2 alpha triple mutant background. Through functional characterization of these RNAi lines we show that the fourth α subunit in Arabidopsis also functions redundantly in regulating ABA response, lateral root formation and flowering time. CK2 α4-GFP localizes to the chloroplast in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings, consistent with the presence of a chloroplast localization signal at the amino-terminus of CK2 α4 subunit. Taken together, our results suggest a functionally overlapping role for the CK2 α4 subunit in regulating various developmental processes in plants.