Kathrin Wolf1, Alexandra Schneider2, Susanne Breitner2, Christa Meisinger3, Margit Heier3, Josef Cyrys4, Bernhard Kuch5, Wolfgang von Scheidt6, Annette Peters7. 1. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: kathrin.wolf@helmholtz-muenchen.de. 2. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany. 3. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Augsburg, Germany. 4. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. 5. Department of Internal Medicine I, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Hospital of Nördlingen, Nördlingen, Germany. 6. Department of Internal Medicine I, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. 7. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Short-term exposure to increased particulate matter (PM) concentration has been reported to trigger myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association with ultrafine particles remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effects of short-term air pollution and especially ultrafine particles on registry-based MI events and coronary deaths in the area of Augsburg, Germany. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2009, the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry recorded 15,417 cases of MI and coronary deaths. Concentrations of PM<10μm (PM10), PM<2.5μm (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC) as indicator for ultrafine particles, and meteorological parameters were measured in the study region. Quasi-Poisson regression adjusting for time trend, temperature, season, and weekday was used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative effects of air pollutants on the occurrence of MI. The daily numbers of total MI, nonfatal and fatal events as well as incident and recurrent events were analysed. RESULTS: We observed a 1.3% risk increase (95%-confidence interval: [-0.9%; 3.6%]) for all events and a 4.4% [-0.4%; 9.4%] risk increase for recurrent events per 24.3μg/m(3) increase in same day PM10 concentrations. Nonfatal events indicated a risk increase of 3.1% [-0.1%; 6.5%] with previous day PM10. No association was seen for PM2.5 which was only available from 1999 on. PNC showed a risk increase of 6.0% [0.6%; 11.7%] for recurrent events per 5529 particles/cm(3) increase in 5-day average PNC. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested an association between short-term PM10 concentration and numbers of MI, especially for nonfatal and recurrent events. For ultrafine particles, risk increases were notably high for recurrent events. Thus, persons who already suffered a MI seemed to be more susceptible to air pollution.
BACKGROUND: Short-term exposure to increased particulate matter (PM) concentration has been reported to trigger myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association with ultrafine particles remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effects of short-term air pollution and especially ultrafine particles on registry-based MI events and coronary deaths in the area of Augsburg, Germany. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2009, the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry recorded 15,417 cases of MI and coronary deaths. Concentrations of PM<10μm (PM10), PM<2.5μm (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC) as indicator for ultrafine particles, and meteorological parameters were measured in the study region. Quasi-Poisson regression adjusting for time trend, temperature, season, and weekday was used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative effects of air pollutants on the occurrence of MI. The daily numbers of total MI, nonfatal and fatal events as well as incident and recurrent events were analysed. RESULTS: We observed a 1.3% risk increase (95%-confidence interval: [-0.9%; 3.6%]) for all events and a 4.4% [-0.4%; 9.4%] risk increase for recurrent events per 24.3μg/m(3) increase in same day PM10 concentrations. Nonfatal events indicated a risk increase of 3.1% [-0.1%; 6.5%] with previous day PM10. No association was seen for PM2.5 which was only available from 1999 on. PNC showed a risk increase of 6.0% [0.6%; 11.7%] for recurrent events per 5529 particles/cm(3) increase in 5-day average PNC. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested an association between short-term PM10 concentration and numbers of MI, especially for nonfatal and recurrent events. For ultrafine particles, risk increases were notably high for recurrent events. Thus, persons who already suffered a MI seemed to be more susceptible to air pollution.
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