A case of intravascular lymphoma diagnosed in an explanted liver after liver transplantation.

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare form of B-cell lymphoma. We encountered a rare case of IVL diagnosed in an explanted liver. A 49-year-old man visited a clinic with high fever. Because of elevated liver function, he was diagnosed with acute liver failure. Deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) was performed 16 days after admission. The post-transplantation course was uneventful until IVL was reported in the explanted liver on postoperative day (POD) 21. Rituximab was administered on POD 27, and rituximab-cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment administered on POD 38. The R-CHOP treatment was repeated for eight cycles, and the patient remains free of recurrence 1 year post-transplantation. Although systemic lymphoma is a contraindication to transplantation, our experience indicates that IVL can be successfully treated by the administration of prompt chemotherapy after LT for fulminant hepatitis.