Casey R Guillot1, Matthew D Stone1, Bree A Geary1, Matthew G Kirkpatrick1, Jennifer W Tidey2, Jessica W Cook3, Adam M Leventhal1,4. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 3. University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Research designs for parsing the mechanisms underlying tobacco withdrawal are scant. This study introduced a novel research design that simultaneously manipulated three tobacco withdrawal mechanisms: pharmacological (nicotine dissipation), sensorimotor (elimination of the smoking ritual), and expectancy (activation of beliefs regarding the effects of nicotine deprivation), permitting examination of the effects of each mechanism while holding the other two mechanisms constant. METHODS: Following overnight abstinence, 32 regular cigarette smokers were randomized in a 2 (expectancy: told patch contains nicotine versus told placebo patch) × 2 (drug: receive 21-mg transdermal nicotine patch versus receive placebo patch) × 2 (sensorimotor: smoke very low nicotine content cigarettes versus no smoking) full factorial between-subjects design. Participants repeatedly completed measures of craving, affect, and anticipated pleasure from and desire for rewarding experiences, followed by a smoking lapse analog task. RESULTS: Receiving nicotine (versus placebo) increased positive affect and anticipated pleasure from and desire for reward. Expecting nicotine (versus placebo) reduced negative affect and increased smoking delay. Sensorimotor stimulation from smoking (versus no smoking) reduced smoking urge and behavior. CONCLUSION: Results provided initial validation of this novel three-mechanism design. This design can be used in the future to advance understanding and treatment of tobacco withdrawal.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: Research designs for parsing the mechanisms underlying tobacco withdrawal are scant. This study introduced a novel research design that simultaneously manipulated three tobacco withdrawal mechanisms: pharmacological (nicotine dissipation), sensorimotor (elimination of the smoking ritual), and expectancy (activation of beliefs regarding the effects of nicotine deprivation), permitting examination of the effects of each mechanism while holding the other two mechanisms constant. METHODS: Following overnight abstinence, 32 regular cigarette smokers were randomized in a 2 (expectancy: told patch contains nicotine versus told placebo patch) × 2 (drug: receive 21-mg transdermal nicotine patch versus receive placebo patch) × 2 (sensorimotor: smoke very low nicotinecontent cigarettes versus no smoking) full factorial between-subjects design. Participants repeatedly completed measures of craving, affect, and anticipated pleasure from and desire for rewarding experiences, followed by a smoking lapse analog task. RESULTS: Receiving nicotine (versus placebo) increased positive affect and anticipated pleasure from and desire for reward. Expecting nicotine (versus placebo) reduced negative affect and increased smoking delay. Sensorimotor stimulation from smoking (versus no smoking) reduced smoking urge and behavior. CONCLUSION: Results provided initial validation of this novel three-mechanism design. This design can be used in the future to advance understanding and treatment of tobacco withdrawal.
Authors: Megan E Kelly; Casey R Guillot; Eileen N Quinn; Heather R Lucke; Mariel S Bello; Raina D Pang; Adam M Leventhal Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2020-03-12
Authors: Casey R Guillot; Teresa M Halliday; Matthew G Kirkpatrick; Raina D Pang; Adam M Leventhal Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2017-06-01 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Madalyn M Liautaud; Afton Kechter; Mariel S Bello; Casey R Guillot; Jason A Oliver; Devin E Banks; Lina M D'Orazio; Adam M Leventhal Journal: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2021-06-10 Impact factor: 3.492