Ying-Ho Lai1, Hsin-Bang Leu2, Wen-Ting Yeh3, Hsing-Yi Chang4, Wen-Harn Pan5. 1. Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Healthcare and Management Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Number 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Number 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Number 35, Keyan Road, Miaoli, Taiwan. 5. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Number 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: pan@ibms.sinica.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: Several studies have already reported that serum potassium (SK) correlated inversely with adverse events among patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and impaired renal function; less is known about the prognostic value of SK at the normal range in community-based elderly individuals. This study aimed to examine whether low normal SK value was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities in elderly people. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted using two independent elderly Taiwanese community cohorts that included 2065 individuals with relatively normal SK values (2.8-5.6 mmol/L). The participants were grouped as follows: low (2.8-3.4 mmol/L), low-normal SK (3.5-3.8 mmol/L), normal (3.9-4.4 mmol/L), and high-normal SK (4.5-5.6 mmol/L). Proportional hazards model was applied to compare the association between SK concentration groups and mortality. RESULTS: The relationship between baseline SK and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality rates observed in patients with SK levels of 3.9-4.4 mmol/L. The low-normal SK group had significantly higher risks of all-cause (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.3) than the normal SK group. The high-normal SK group had higher but nonsignificant risk compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that low-normal SK may be used as a marker of poor survival for elderly outpatient cares.
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: Several studies have already reported that serum potassium (SK) correlated inversely with adverse events among patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and impaired renal function; less is known about the prognostic value of SK at the normal range in community-based elderly individuals. This study aimed to examine whether low normal SK value was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities in elderly people. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted using two independent elderly Taiwanese community cohorts that included 2065 individuals with relatively normal SK values (2.8-5.6 mmol/L). The participants were grouped as follows: low (2.8-3.4 mmol/L), low-normal SK (3.5-3.8 mmol/L), normal (3.9-4.4 mmol/L), and high-normal SK (4.5-5.6 mmol/L). Proportional hazards model was applied to compare the association between SK concentration groups and mortality. RESULTS: The relationship between baseline SK and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality rates observed in patients with SK levels of 3.9-4.4 mmol/L. The low-normal SK group had significantly higher risks of all-cause (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.3) than the normal SK group. The high-normal SK group had higher but nonsignificant risk compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that low-normal SK may be used as a marker of poor survival for elderly outpatient cares.
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