Congenital middle ear anomalies: anatomical and functional results of surgery.

The aim of this study was to describe the audiometric results following surgery in a consecutive series of pediatric patients with a congenital middle ear disorder. Retrospective chart review was performed for 29 consecutive children who underwent 33 middle ear surgeries for congenital ossicular chain anomaly between 1990 and 2012. Anomalies were classified into four groups according to the Teunissen and Cremers classification. Audiological parameters using four frequency averages (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) were assessed pre- and postoperatively. Clinical and audiometric follow-up times were, respectively, 49 ± 8 and 35 ± 5 months (mean ± SEM). Fifty-eight percent of all patients achieved an air-bone gap (ABG) ≤20 dB, 62.5% in class I, 50% in class II and 57.9% in class III. The improvement of the mean ABG was 13.6 dB, 19.2 dB for class I, 0.2 dB in class II and 15.4 dB in class III. Overall mean pure-tone averages improved 14.8 dB with 13.9 dB for class I; there was no improvement for class II and 20.2 dB for class III. The sensorineural hearing loss rate was 9%. This pediatric series showed that hearing results depend on type of anomaly. Class I and class III showed better hearing improvement than class II.