Improvement of cell membrane permeability using a cell-solution electrode for generating atmospheric-pressure plasma.

The cell membrane permeability, which is strongly related to gene transfection, is improved using a cell-solution electrode for generating atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) just above the solution. In the case of the floating cells, the cell membrane permeability is significantly improved by the cell-solution electrode APP compared with the conventional diffusion type APP, because the distance between the plasma generation area and the cell solution surface becomes short, which could reduce the radial diffusion loss of the plasma irradiated to the cell suspended solution. In the case of the adherent cells, cell membrane permeability is found to be enhanced by the shorter distance between the solution surface and the adherent cells as well as using the cell-solution electrode, which means that the short-lived reactive oxygen species generated at the solution surface are essential for the improvement of cell membrane permeability.