The effect of tryptophol on the bacteriophage infection in high-temperature environment.

Small metabolites can participate in the virus-host interactions in eukaryotes. However, little is known about roles of metabolites in the interactions between bacteria and bacteriophages. In this study, the metabolomic profilings of bacteriophage GVE2-infected and virus-free Geobacillus sp. E263, a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, were characterized. The results showed that metabolites tryptophol, adenine, and hydroxybenzylalcohol were significantly elevated in Geobacillus sp. E263 in response to the GVE2 infection. Furthermore, our data indicated that tryptophol was involved in the bacteriophage infection. Tryptophol could inhibit the infection/replication of GVE2 by interacting with the host's Clp protease. Therefore, our study revealed novel aspects of metabolites during the bacteriophage infection in high-temperature environment.