| Literature DB >> 25993081 |
Lúcio Roberto Requião-Moura1, Ana Cristina Carvalho deMatos1, Alvaro Pacheco-Silva2.
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus infection is one of most frequent infectious complications after renal transplantation, and can be classified as primo-infection, when the transmission occurs through the graft, or reactivation, when the recipient is cytomegalovirus seropositive. After transplantation, cytomegalovirus can appear as an infection, when the patient presents with evidence of viral replication without symptoms or disease, which has two clinical spectra: typical viral syndrome or invasive disease, which is a less common form. Their effects can be classified as direct, while the disease is developed, or indirect, with an increase of acute rejection and chronic allograft dysfunction risks. Diagnosis must be made based on viremia by one of the standardized methods: antigenemia or PCR, which is more sensitive. The risk factors related to infection after transplantation are the serologic matching (positive donor and negative recipient) and anti-lymphocyte antibody drugs. One of the strategies to reduce risk of disease should be chosen for patients at high risk: preemptive treatment or universal prophylaxis. Recent clinical research has described ganciclovir resistance as an emergent problem in management of cytomegalovirus infection. Two types of mutation that cause resistance were described: UL97 (most frequent) and UL54. Today, sophisticated methods of immunologic monitoring to detect specific T-cell clones against cytomegalovirus are used in clinical practice to improve the management of high-risk patients after renal transplantation.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 25993081 PMCID: PMC4946822 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3175
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Figure 1Spectra of cytomegalovirus infection in transplant
Clinical characteristics of 209 transplant recipients from cadaver donors, according to the cytomegalovirus infection, in the Transplant Program of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
| Variables | Total (n=209) | CMV positive (n=145) | CMV negative (n=64) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.4±13.6 | 45.6±14.2 | 45.1±12.2 | 0.48 |
| Male recipient (%) | 54.5 | 55.9 | 52.9 | 0.90 |
| Time in RST (months) | 56.5±43.4 | 58.0±44.3 | 53.0±41.4 | 0.48 |
| Negative IgG-CMV (%) | 11.5 | 12.6 | 9.4 | 0.97 |
| Positive IgG-CMV title (IU/mL) | 58.4±66.9 | 59.7±70.1 | 55.2±59.0 | 0.55 |
| Mismatches (n) | 2.8±1.4 | 2.9±1.4 | 2.8±1.4 | 0.65 |
| Age of donor (years) | 38.8±13.3 | 39.9±13.3 | 36.3±13.1 | 0.07 |
| Male donor (%) | 53.1 | 55.2 | 48.5 | 0.64 |
| Time of cold ischemia (hours) | 22.4±5.8 | 22.9±5.7 | 21.2±5.9 | 0.03 |
| Doses of thymoglobulin (n) | 5.3±2.9 | 5.3±2.9 | 5.3±2.9 | 0.93 |
| Tacrolimus (%) | 76.1 | 80 | 69.1 | 0.56 |
| Cyclosporine (%) | 20.6 | 17.9 | 25 | 0.36 |
RST: renal substitution therapy; CMV: cytomegalovirus.
Figure 2Clinical presentation and need for retreatment of cytomegalovirus infection in the Kidney Transplant Program of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
Figura 1Espectros da infecção pelo citomegalovírus no transplante
Características clínicas de 209 receptores de transplante com doador falecido, de acordo com a infecção pelo citomegalovírus, no Programa de Transplante do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
| Variáveis | Total (n=209) | CMV positivo (n=145) | CMV negativo (n=64) | Valor de p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idade (anos) | 45,4±13,6 | 45,6±14,2 | 45,1±12,2 | 0,48 |
| Receptor masculino (%) | 54,5 | 55,9 | 52,9 | 0,90 |
| Tempo em TSR (meses) | 56,5±43,4 | 58,0±44,3 | 53,0±41,4 | 0,48 |
| IgG-CMV negativo (%) | 11,5 | 12,6 | 9,4 | 0,97 |
| Título IgG-CMV positivo (UI/mL) | 58,4±66,9 | 59,7±70,1 | 55,2±59,0 | 0,55 |
|
| 2,8±1,4 | 2,9±1,4 | 2,8±1,4 | 0,65 |
| Idade do doador (anos) | 38,8±13,3 | 39,9±13,3 | 36,3±13,1 | 0,07 |
| Doador masculino (%) | 53,1 | 55,2 | 48,5 | 0,64 |
| Tempo de isquemia fria (horas) | 22,4±5,8 | 22,9±5,7 | 21,2±5,9 | 0,03 |
| Doses de timoglobulina (n) | 5,3±2,9 | 5,3±2,9 | 5,3±2,9 | 0,93 |
| Tacrolimo (%) | 76,1 | 80 | 69,1 | 0,56 |
| Ciclosporina (%) | 20,6 | 17,9 | 25 | 0,36 |
TSR: terapia de substituição renal; CMV: citomegalovírus.
Figura 2Apresentação clínica e necessidade de retratamento da infecção pelo citomegalovírus no Programa de Transplante de Rim do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein