| Literature DB >> 25993079 |
Lúcio Roberto Requião-Moura1, Marcelino de Souza Durão Junior1, Ana Cristina Carvalho de Matos1, Alvaro Pacheco-Silva2.
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury is an inevitable event in renal transplantation. The most important consequences are delayed graft function, longer length of stay, higher hospital costs, high risk of acute rejection, and negative impact of long-term follow-up. Currently, many factors are involved in their pathophysiology and could be classified into two different paradigms for education purposes: hemodynamic and immune. The hemodynamic paradigm is described as the reduction of oxygen delivery due to blood flow interruption, involving many hormone systems, and oxygen-free radicals produced after reperfusion. The immune paradigm has been recently described and involves immune system cells, especially T cells, with a central role in this injury. According to these concepts, new strategies to prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury have been studied, particularly the more physiological forms of storing the kidney, such as the pump machine and the use of antilymphocyte antibody therapy before reperfusion. Pump machine perfusion reduces delayed graft function prevalence and length of stay at hospital, and increases long-term graft survival. The use of antilymphocyte antibody therapy before reperfusion, such as Thymoglobulin™, can reduce the prevalence of delayed graft function and chronic graft dysfunction.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 25993079 PMCID: PMC4946821 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3161
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Figure 1Impact of warm ischemia on the intracellular environment
Different definitions used for delayed graft function
| Definitions | Studies | Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Definitions based on dialysis | ||
| Need for dialysis in the first week after transplant | 41 | 259,251 |
| Need for dialysis in the first week after transplant, as long as the hyperacute rejection and vascular or urological complications are ruled out | 2 | 760 |
| Need for dialysis after transplant | 2 | 737 |
| Need for dialysis in the first 10 days after transplant | 1 | 41 |
| Absence of any type of renal function that might impose the need for 2 or more dialyses in the first week after transplant | 1 | 547 |
| Need for dialysis in the first week after transplant, having excluded a single dialysis immediately after transplant, if it was indicated for hyperkalemia | 1 | 319 |
| Return to maintenance dialysis in the first 4 days after transplant | 1 | 263 |
| Definitions based on creatinine | ||
| Increase in creatinine or reduction <10% in the 3 consecutive days after transplant | 5 | 1471 |
| Reduction in creatinine <30% and/or urinary creatinine <1,000mg on the second day of transplant | 2 | 401 |
| Creatinine >2.5mg/dL on the seventh day after transplant | 1 | 99 |
| Time necessary for clearance of creatinine to be >10mL/min superior to 1 week | 1 | 843 |
| Non-reduction of creatinine in the first 48 hours, in the absence of rejection | 1 | 291 |
| Combination | ||
| Non-reduction of serum creatinine at levels inferior to those pre-transplant, even with an adequate urinary volume | 1 | 158 |
| Increase in creatinine in the first 6-8 hours after the transplant or urinary volume <300 mL, despite adequate volemia and use of diuretics | 1 | 143 |
| Dialysis after transplant or creatinine >150 mcmol/L 8 days after the transplant | 1 | 112 |
| Urinary volume <1.0 L in 24 hours and <25% of reduction in creatinine in the first 24 hours after transplant | 1 | 244 |
| Urinary volume <75 mL/hour in the first 48 hours or non-reduction in creatinine >10% in the first 48 hours | 1 | 66 |
| Need for dialysis in the first week after transplant or non-reduction in creatinine in the first 24 hours after transplant | 1 | 104 |
Figure 2Correlation of prevalence between delayed graft function and acute rejection
Figure 3Intrarenal hemodynamics after the use of perfusion machine
Figure 4Length of hospital stay and dialysis time (D time) after transplant with the perfusion machine
Figura 1Impacto da isquemia quente no ambiente intracelular
Diferentes definições utilizadas para retardo na função do enxerto
| Definições | Estudos | Pacientes |
|---|---|---|
| Definições baseadas em diálise | ||
| Necessidade de diálise na primeira semana após o transplante | 41 | 259.251 |
| Necessidade de diálise na primeira semana após o transplante, desde que rejeição hiperaguda e complicações vasculares ou urológicas sejam afastadas | 2 | 760 |
| Necessidade de diálise após o transplante | 2 | 737 |
| Necessidade de diálise nos primeiros 10 dias após o transplante | 1 | 41 |
| Ausência de qualquer tipo de função renal que imponha necessidade de 2 ou mais diálises na primeira semana após o transplante | 1 | 547 |
| Necessidade de diálise na primeira semana após o transplante, tendo-se excluído uma única diálise imediatamente após o transplante, caso tenha sido indicada por hipercalemia | 1 | 319 |
| Retorno à diálise de manutenção nos primeiros 4 dias após o transplante | 1 | 263 |
| Definições baseadas na creatinina | ||
| Aumento na creatinina ou redução <10% nos 3 dias consecutivos após o transplante | 5 | 1471 |
| Redução da creatinina <30% e/ou creatinina urinária <1.000mg no segundo dia de transplante | 2 | 401 |
| Creatinina >2,5mg/dL no sétimo dia após o transplante | 1 | 99 |
| Tempo necessário para o | 1 | 843 |
| Não redução da creatinina nas primeiras 48 horas, na ausência de rejeição | 1 | 291 |
| Combinação | ||
| Não redução da creatinina sérica a níveis inferiores aos do pré-transplante, mesmo com volume urinário adequado | 1 | 158 |
| Aumento da creatinina nas primeiras 6-8 horas após o transplante ou volume urinário <300mL, a despeito de volemia adequada e uso de diuréticos | 1 | 143 |
| Diálise após o transplante ou creatinina >150mcmol/L 8 dias após o transplante | 1 | 112 |
| Volume urinário <1,0L em 24 horas e <25% de redução na creatinina nas primeiras 24 horas após o transplante | 1 | 244 |
| Volume urinário <75mL/hora nas primeiras 48 horas ou não redução na creatinina >10% nas primeiras 48 horas | 1 | 66 |
| Necessidade de diálise na primeira semana após o transplante ou não redução na creatinina nas primeiras 24 horas após o transplante | 1 | 104 |
Figura 2Correlação de prevalências entre retardo na função do enxerto e rejeição aguda
Figura 3Hemodinâmica intrarrenal após o uso da máquina de perfusão
Figura 4Tempo de internação e tempo em diálise (tempo D) após o transplante com a máquina de perfusão