Sasha Bernatsky1, Audrey Smargiassi2, Markey Johnson3, Gilaad G Kaplan4, Cheryl Barnabe5, Larry Svenson6, Allan Brand2, Stefania Bertazzon7, Marie Hudson8, Ann E Clarke9, Paul R Fortin10, Steven Edworthy5, Patrick Bélisle11, Lawrence Joseph12. 1. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: sasha.bernatsky@mcgill.ca. 2. Département de Santé Environnementale et de Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada. 3. Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 5. Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Surveillance and Assessment, Alberta Ministry of Health, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada; University of Alberta, School of Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 6. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Surveillance and Assessment, Alberta Ministry of Health, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada; University of Alberta, School of Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 7. Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 8. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. 9. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 10. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada. 11. Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 12. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between fine particulate (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). METHODS: Associations between ambient air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2) and SARDs were assessed using land-use regression models for Calgary, Alberta and administrative health data (1993-2007). SARD case definitions were based on ≥2 physician claims, or ≥1 rheumatology billing code; or ≥1 hospitalization code (for systemic lupus, Sjogren's Syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, or undifferentiated connective tissue disease). Bayesian hierarchical latent class regression models estimated the probability that each resident was a SARD case, based on these case definitions. The sum of individual level probabilities provided the estimated number of cases in each area. The latent class model included terms for age, sex, and an interaction term between age and sex. Bayesian logistic regression models were used to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for NO2 and PM2.5. pollutant models, adjusting for neighbourhood income, age, sex, and an interaction between age and sex. We also examined models stratified for First-Nations (FN) and non-FN subgroups. RESULTS: Residents that were female and/or aged >45 had a greater probability of being a SARD case, with the highest OR estimates for older females. Independently, the odds of being a SARDs case increased with PM2.5 levels, but the results were inconclusive for NO2. The results stratified by FN and non-FN groups were not distinctly different. CONCLUSION: In this urban Canadian sample, adjusting for demographics, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of SARDs. The results for NO2 were inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between fine particulate (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). METHODS: Associations between ambient air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2) and SARDs were assessed using land-use regression models for Calgary, Alberta and administrative health data (1993-2007). SARD case definitions were based on ≥2 physician claims, or ≥1 rheumatology billing code; or ≥1 hospitalization code (for systemic lupus, Sjogren's Syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, or undifferentiated connective tissue disease). Bayesian hierarchical latent class regression models estimated the probability that each resident was a SARD case, based on these case definitions. The sum of individual level probabilities provided the estimated number of cases in each area. The latent class model included terms for age, sex, and an interaction term between age and sex. Bayesian logistic regression models were used to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for NO2 and PM2.5. pollutant models, adjusting for neighbourhood income, age, sex, and an interaction between age and sex. We also examined models stratified for First-Nations (FN) and non-FN subgroups. RESULTS: Residents that were female and/or aged >45 had a greater probability of being a SARD case, with the highest OR estimates for older females. Independently, the odds of being a SARDs case increased with PM2.5 levels, but the results were inconclusive for NO2. The results stratified by FN and non-FN groups were not distinctly different. CONCLUSION: In this urban Canadian sample, adjusting for demographics, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of SARDs. The results for NO2 were inconclusive.
Authors: Sylvia C L Farhat; Clovis A Silva; Maria Angelica M Orione; Lucia M A Campos; Adriana M E Sallum; Alfésio L F Braga Journal: Autoimmun Rev Date: 2011-07-06 Impact factor: 9.754
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Authors: Cheryl Barnabe; Lawrence Joseph; Patrick Belisle; Jeremy Labrecque; Steven Edworthy; Susan G Barr; Marvin Fritzler; Lawrence W Svenson; Brenda Hemmelgarn; Sasha Bernatsky Journal: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) Date: 2012-01 Impact factor: 4.794
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Authors: Sasha Bernatsky; Michel Fournier; Christian A Pineau; Ann E Clarke; Evelyne Vinet; Audrey Smargiassi Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2010-09-22 Impact factor: 9.031
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