Joseph S Ross1,2,3,4. 1. Section of General Internal Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. joseph.ross@yale.edu. 2. Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. joseph.ross@yale.edu. 3. The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA. joseph.ross@yale.edu. 4. Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520-8093, USA. joseph.ross@yale.edu.