AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hypoglycaemia is associated with reduced skin temperature (Ts). We studied whether infrared thermography can detect Ts changes during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and how the Ts response differs between patients with normal hypoglycaemia awareness and hypoglycaemia unawareness. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with type 1 diabetes (ten aware, 14 unaware) were studied during normoglycaemia (5.0-6.0 mmol/l), hypoglycaemia (2.0-2.5 mmol/l) and during recovery from hypoglycaemia (5.0-6.0 mmol/l) using hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping. During each 1 h phase, Ts was measured twice by infrared thermography imaging in pre-defined areas (nose, glabella and the five left fingertips), symptoms of hypoglycaemia were scored and blood was sampled. RESULTS: Ts decreased during hypoglycaemia on the nose and glabella. The highest decrements were recorded on the nose (aware: -2.6 °C, unaware: -1.1 °C). In aware patients, the differences in temperature were statistically significant on both nose and glabella, whereas there was only a trend in the unaware group. There was a significant difference in hypoglycaemia-induced temperature changes between the groups. Patients in the aware group had higher hypoglycaemia symptom scores and higher adrenaline (epinephrine) levels during hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: The hypoglycaemia-associated decrement in Ts can be assessed by infrared thermography and is larger in patients with normal hypoglycaemia awareness compared with unaware patients.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hypoglycaemia is associated with reduced skin temperature (Ts). We studied whether infrared thermography can detect Ts changes during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and how the Ts response differs between patients with normal hypoglycaemia awareness and hypoglycaemia unawareness. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with type 1 diabetes (ten aware, 14 unaware) were studied during normoglycaemia (5.0-6.0 mmol/l), hypoglycaemia (2.0-2.5 mmol/l) and during recovery from hypoglycaemia (5.0-6.0 mmol/l) using hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping. During each 1 h phase, Ts was measured twice by infrared thermography imaging in pre-defined areas (nose, glabella and the five left fingertips), symptoms of hypoglycaemia were scored and blood was sampled. RESULTS: Ts decreased during hypoglycaemia on the nose and glabella. The highest decrements were recorded on the nose (aware: -2.6 °C, unaware: -1.1 °C). In aware patients, the differences in temperature were statistically significant on both nose and glabella, whereas there was only a trend in the unaware group. There was a significant difference in hypoglycaemia-induced temperature changes between the groups. Patients in the aware group had higher hypoglycaemia symptom scores and higher adrenaline (epinephrine) levels during hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: The hypoglycaemia-associated decrement in Ts can be assessed by infrared thermography and is larger in patients with normal hypoglycaemia awareness compared with unaware patients.
Authors: Anne-Sophie Sejling; Troels W Kjær; Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard; Sarah S Diemar; Christian S S Frandsen; Linda Hilsted; Jens Faber; Jens J Holst; Lise Tarnow; Martin N Nielsen; Line S Remvig; Birger Thorsteinsson; Claus B Juhl Journal: Diabetes Date: 2014-12-08 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Ole Elvebakk; Christian Tronstad; Kåre I Birkeland; Trond G Jenssen; Marit R Bjørgaas; Kathrine F Frøslie; Kristin Godang; Håvard Kalvøy; Ørjan G Martinsen; Hanne L Gulseth Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-10-03 Impact factor: 4.379