Rafaela Oliveira da Silva1, Valléria Matos Andrade1, Ester Seixas Bullé Rêgo2, Grace Anne Azevedo Dória2, Bruno Dos Santos Lima3, Francilene Amaral da Silva3, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo3, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Júnior2, Juliana Cordeiro Cardoso4, Margarete Zanardo Gomes5. 1. Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. 2. Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. 3. Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. 4. Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. 5. Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. Electronic address: guetezanardo@yahoo.com.br.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine due to its numerous pharmacological properties. However, samples from different regions can differ in chemical composition, effectiveness, and side effects. Despite the widespread use of Brazilian red propolis, which is an isoflavone-rich variety, its toxicity has not been carefully studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis (HERP) administered orally to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HERP for the acute (300mg/kg) and sub-acute (10, 100 and 200mg/kg) toxicity studies was administered orally to rats according to OECD Guidelines 420 and 407, respectively. Clinical signs were identified, and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Water and food uptake as well as body and organ weights of animals were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The acute study revealed no lethal effects at 300mg/kg of HERP, but toxic signs were observed, as HERP had an LD50 of more than 300mg/kg, indicating a warning. The most toxic signals in sub-acute studies were observed in males at a dose of 200mg/kg HERP. These results suggest estrogen-like activity, possibly from the isoflavones in HERP.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine due to its numerous pharmacological properties. However, samples from different regions can differ in chemical composition, effectiveness, and side effects. Despite the widespread use of Brazilian red propolis, which is an isoflavone-rich variety, its toxicity has not been carefully studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis (HERP) administered orally to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HERP for the acute (300mg/kg) and sub-acute (10, 100 and 200mg/kg) toxicity studies was administered orally to rats according to OECD Guidelines 420 and 407, respectively. Clinical signs were identified, and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Water and food uptake as well as body and organ weights of animals were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The acute study revealed no lethal effects at 300mg/kg of HERP, but toxic signs were observed, as HERP had an LD50 of more than 300mg/kg, indicating a warning. The most toxic signals in sub-acute studies were observed in males at a dose of 200mg/kg HERP. These results suggest estrogen-like activity, possibly from the isoflavones in HERP.
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