Kozeta Miliku1, Trudy Voortman1, Edith H van den Hooven1, Albert Hofman2, Oscar H Franco2, Vincent W V Jaddoe3. 1. The Generation R Study Group and the Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. the Departments of Epidemiology and. 3. The Generation R Study Group and the Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nutritional exposures during in utero development may have long-lasting consequences for postnatal renal health. Animal studies suggest that specifically maternal dietary protein intake during pregnancy influences childhood kidney function. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of total, animal, and vegetable maternal protein intake during pregnancy with kidney volume and function in school-aged children. DESIGN: This study was conducted in 3650 pregnant women and their children who were participating in a population-based cohort study from early life onward. First-trimester energy-adjusted maternal protein intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. At the child's age of 6 y, we assessed kidney volume, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations, and microalbuminuria using urine albumin:creatinine ratios. RESULTS: First-trimester maternal total protein intake was associated with a higher childhood creatinine-based eGFR (difference: 0.06 mL × min(-1) × 1.73 m(-2); 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2) per gram of protein intake). This association was mainly driven by vegetable protein intake (0.22 mL × min(-1) × 1.73 m(-2); 95% CI: 0.10, 0.35 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2) per gram of vegetable protein intake). These associations were not explained by protein intake in early childhood. First-trimester maternal protein intake was not significantly associated with childhood kidney volume, cystatin C-based eGFR, or the risk of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that higher total and vegetable, but not animal, maternal protein intake during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a higher eGFR in childhood. Further follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether maternal protein intake in early pregnancy also affects the risk of kidney diseases in later life.
BACKGROUND: Nutritional exposures during in utero development may have long-lasting consequences for postnatal renal health. Animal studies suggest that specifically maternal dietary protein intake during pregnancy influences childhood kidney function. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of total, animal, and vegetable maternal protein intake during pregnancy with kidney volume and function in school-aged children. DESIGN: This study was conducted in 3650 pregnant women and their children who were participating in a population-based cohort study from early life onward. First-trimester energy-adjusted maternal protein intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. At the child's age of 6 y, we assessed kidney volume, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations, and microalbuminuria using urine albumin:creatinine ratios. RESULTS: First-trimester maternal total protein intake was associated with a higher childhood creatinine-based eGFR (difference: 0.06 mL × min(-1) × 1.73 m(-2); 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2) per gram of protein intake). This association was mainly driven by vegetable protein intake (0.22 mL × min(-1) × 1.73 m(-2); 95% CI: 0.10, 0.35 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2) per gram of vegetable protein intake). These associations were not explained by protein intake in early childhood. First-trimester maternal protein intake was not significantly associated with childhood kidney volume, cystatin C-based eGFR, or the risk of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that higher total and vegetable, but not animal, maternal protein intake during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a higher eGFR in childhood. Further follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether maternal protein intake in early pregnancy also affects the risk of kidney diseases in later life.
Authors: Denise H M Heppe; Eric A P Steegers; Sarah Timmermans; Hanneke den Breeijen; Henning Tiemeier; Albert Hofman; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2011-01-26 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Leontine C L van den Hil; H Rob Taal; Layla L de Jonge; Denise H M Heppe; Eric A P Steegers; Albert Hofman; Albert J van der Heijden; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2013-03-26 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: Rebecca C Painter; Tessa J Roseboom; Gert A van Montfrans; Patrick M M Bossuyt; Raymond T Krediet; Clive Osmond; David J P Barker; Otto P Bleker Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2004-11-17 Impact factor: 10.121