Leigha Rowbottom1, Jordan Stinson2, Rachel McDonald1, Urban Emmenegger3, Susanna Cheng3, Julia Lowe4, Angie Giotis2, Paul Cheon1, Ronald Chow1, Mark Pasetka2, Nemica Thavarajah1, Natalie Pulenzas1, Edward Chow1, Carlo DeAngelis5. 1. Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2. Department of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Endocrinology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Carlo.DeAngelis@sunnybrook.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are used adjuvant to certain chemotherapy regimens, either as an antiemetic, to reduce other side effects, or to enhance cancer treatment. Additionally, they are frequently used for symptom control in cancer patients with end stage disease. Corticosteroid use may induce hyperglycemia in approximately 20-50% of patients, which may negatively affect patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of blood glucose monitoring in patients with and without diabetes receiving continuous corticosteroids with chemotherapy, and to determine the incidence of treatment-emergent abnormal blood glucose levels and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted for 30 genitourinary (GU) cancer patients who were treated with continuous oral corticosteroids as part of their chemotherapy regimen. The Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) criterion for diagnosis of diabetes was applied to categorize patients into two distinct groups, patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes. This categorization was made based on glucose measurements completed prior to commencement of corticosteroid therapy. Glucose monitoring was defined as receiving a laboratory blood glucose test before first chemotherapy administration along with a test within a week of each subsequent treatment cycle. The CDA criteria for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes was used to classify glucose levels as hyperglycemic. RESULTS: The mean incidence of blood glucose monitoring was 19% and 76% in patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes, respectively. Approximately, 40% of patients with diabetes required an adjustment to their diabetes management and a further 20% required hospitalization. Fifteen patients without diabetes received a fasting blood glucose test, of which 40% had abnormal blood glucose results; half of these fell into the pre-diabetic range and half in the diabetic range. Ten patients without diabetes were tested for diabetes using the CDA criteria for diabetes diagnosis during or after their chemotherapy, of which 30% developed diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In order to optimize patient care, blood glucose levels should be monitored in all patients receiving continuous oral corticosteroids as part of their chemotherapy. Future studies should be conducted prospectively to determine the most effective manner of monitoring in order to implement screening guidelines and avoid unnecessary morbidity.
BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are used adjuvant to certain chemotherapy regimens, either as an antiemetic, to reduce other side effects, or to enhance cancer treatment. Additionally, they are frequently used for symptom control in cancerpatients with end stage disease. Corticosteroid use may induce hyperglycemia in approximately 20-50% of patients, which may negatively affect patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of blood glucose monitoring in patients with and without diabetes receiving continuous corticosteroids with chemotherapy, and to determine the incidence of treatment-emergent abnormal blood glucose levels and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted for 30 genitourinary (GU) cancerpatients who were treated with continuous oral corticosteroids as part of their chemotherapy regimen. The Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) criterion for diagnosis of diabetes was applied to categorize patients into two distinct groups, patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes. This categorization was made based on glucose measurements completed prior to commencement of corticosteroid therapy. Glucose monitoring was defined as receiving a laboratory blood glucose test before first chemotherapy administration along with a test within a week of each subsequent treatment cycle. The CDA criteria for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes was used to classify glucose levels as hyperglycemic. RESULTS: The mean incidence of blood glucose monitoring was 19% and 76% in patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes, respectively. Approximately, 40% of patients with diabetes required an adjustment to their diabetes management and a further 20% required hospitalization. Fifteen patients without diabetes received a fasting blood glucose test, of which 40% had abnormal blood glucose results; half of these fell into the pre-diabetic range and half in the diabetic range. Ten patients without diabetes were tested for diabetes using the CDA criteria for diabetes diagnosis during or after their chemotherapy, of which 30% developed diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In order to optimize patient care, blood glucose levels should be monitored in all patients receiving continuous oral corticosteroids as part of their chemotherapy. Future studies should be conducted prospectively to determine the most effective manner of monitoring in order to implement screening guidelines and avoid unnecessary morbidity.
Authors: Josephina P M Vrouwe; Ingrid M C Kamerling; Michiel J van Esdonk; Josbert M Metselaar; Frederik E Stuurman; Gabri van der Pluijm; Jacobus Burggraaf; Susanne Osanto Journal: Pharmacol Res Perspect Date: 2021-10
Authors: Jacklyn Cho; Daniela Nilo; Madeline R Sterling; Lisa M Kern; Monika M Safford; Laura C Pinheiro Journal: Support Care Cancer Date: 2021-05-21 Impact factor: 3.359
Authors: Younes R Younes; Susan Stockley; Lorna Keegan; Linda O'Donoghue; Elizabeth Yohannan; Liz Read; Jamie-Leigh Williamson; John Peter; Kavitha Lakshmipathy; Vera Smout; Vidhu Nayyar; Julian Emmanuel; Sunil Zachariah; James Clark; Benjamin C T Field Journal: Diabet Med Date: 2021-10-22 Impact factor: 4.213
Authors: Danielle Crawley; Florence Chamberlain; Hans Garmo; Sarah Rudman; Björn Zethelius; Lars Holmberg; Jan Adolfsson; Par Stattin; Paul Carroll; Mieke Van Hemelrijck Journal: Ecancermedicalscience Date: 2018-01-25
Authors: Luigi Celio; Erminio Bonizzoni; Emma Zattarin; Paolo Codega; Filippo de Braud; Matti Aapro Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2019-12-30 Impact factor: 4.430