Nicolle Zimmermann1, Diogo Goulart Corrêa2,3, Tadeu Almodovar Kubo3, Tania Maria Netto2, Denis Batista Pereira2, Rochele Paz Fonseca4, Emerson Leandro Gasparetto2,3. 1. Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brigadeiro Trompowsky Avenue, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Room SSN29, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. nicolle.zimmermann@gmail.com. 2. Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brigadeiro Trompowsky Avenue, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Room SSN29, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3. Department of Medical Physics, Diagnósticos da America S.A., DASA, 4666 das Américas Avenue, Barra da Tijuca, 22640-102, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4. Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Avenue, Building 11, Partenon, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated differences in subcortical brain volumes of SLE patients with cognitive deficits (SLE-CD) and SLE patients with normal cognitive performance (SLE-CN), regardless of the presence of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHOD: We studied 40 patients divided into two-matched groups (SLE-CD n = 20; SLE-CN n = 20), with age ranging from 21 to 63 years old (100 % female) and 14.73 ± 10.18 years of diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging exams were performed on a 1.5 T scanner. A neuropsychological flexible battery was applied individually, including reasoning/problem-solving, praxis, episodic and working memory, processing speed, language/fluency, executive functions (inhibition and flexibility), and sustained attention. Z score ≤ - 2.0 in any dimension was considered as a cut-off for being considered to possess cognitive deficits. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare the brain structure volumes between groups. The analyses were controlled for the effects of lupus-related neuropsychiatric disorders. RESULTS: SLE patients with cognitive deficits had significantly smaller volumes in the left hippocampus, amygdala, and the right hippocampus than SLE patients without cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION: SLE patients with cognitive deficits appeared to have reduced temporal lobe structures when compared with SLE without cognitive deficits. These results corroborate a systems vulnerability model that investigated temporal lobe vulnerability during normal aging and in other neurological disorders.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated differences in subcortical brain volumes of SLEpatients with cognitive deficits (SLE-CD) and SLEpatients with normal cognitive performance (SLE-CN), regardless of the presence of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHOD: We studied 40 patients divided into two-matched groups (SLE-CD n = 20; SLE-CN n = 20), with age ranging from 21 to 63 years old (100 % female) and 14.73 ± 10.18 years of diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging exams were performed on a 1.5 T scanner. A neuropsychological flexible battery was applied individually, including reasoning/problem-solving, praxis, episodic and working memory, processing speed, language/fluency, executive functions (inhibition and flexibility), and sustained attention. Z score ≤ - 2.0 in any dimension was considered as a cut-off for being considered to possess cognitive deficits. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare the brain structure volumes between groups. The analyses were controlled for the effects of lupus-related neuropsychiatric disorders. RESULTS:SLEpatients with cognitive deficits had significantly smaller volumes in the left hippocampus, amygdala, and the right hippocampus than SLEpatients without cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION:SLEpatients with cognitive deficits appeared to have reduced temporal lobe structures when compared with SLE without cognitive deficits. These results corroborate a systems vulnerability model that investigated temporal lobe vulnerability during normal aging and in other neurological disorders.
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