PURPOSE: To compare the pathologic effect of a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA), lipiodol, and ethanol (NLE) with a mixture of NBCA and lipiodol (NL) on the embolized vascular wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embolization was performed using four swine with NBCA and lipiodol in a volume ratio of 1:1 (NL11 group) in the common hepatic artery (n = 1) and the internal iliac artery (n = 2); and with NBCA, lipiodol, and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1:2 (NLE112 group) in the common hepatic artery (n = 3) and the internal iliac artery (n = 6). RESULTS: NL11 casts had an intricate appearance in reticular configuration with red thrombus, while NLE112 casts presented in a single round configuration with surrounding ring-like red thrombus. Desquamation of endothelial cells and infiltration of neutrophils into the adventitial layer were found in all embolized vessels in both groups. Infiltration of neutrophils into the intermediate layer was found in the NL11 group but not in the NLE112 group. CONCLUSION: The damage to the vascular wall caused by NLE112 was milder than that by NL11, implying the adverse effects of NLE112 are within tolerable limits.
PURPOSE: To compare the pathologic effect of a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA), lipiodol, and ethanol (NLE) with a mixture of NBCA and lipiodol (NL) on the embolized vascular wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embolization was performed using four swine with NBCA and lipiodol in a volume ratio of 1:1 (NL11 group) in the common hepatic artery (n = 1) and the internal iliac artery (n = 2); and with NBCA, lipiodol, and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1:2 (NLE112 group) in the common hepatic artery (n = 3) and the internal iliac artery (n = 6). RESULTS: NL11 casts had an intricate appearance in reticular configuration with red thrombus, while NLE112 casts presented in a single round configuration with surrounding ring-like red thrombus. Desquamation of endothelial cells and infiltration of neutrophils into the adventitial layer were found in all embolized vessels in both groups. Infiltration of neutrophils into the intermediate layer was found in the NL11 group but not in the NLE112 group. CONCLUSION: The damage to the vascular wall caused by NLE112 was milder than that by NL11, implying the adverse effects of NLE112 are within tolerable limits.
Authors: Bret Petersen; Alan Barkun; Steven Carpenter; Poonputt Chotiprasidhi; Ram Chuttani; William Silverman; Nadem Hussain; Julia Liu; Greta Taitelbaum; Gregory G Ginsberg Journal: Gastrointest Endosc Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 9.427
Authors: S Shiina; H Yasuda; H Muto; K Tagawa; T Unuma; K Ibukuro; Y Inoue; R Takanashi Journal: AJR Am J Roentgenol Date: 1987-11 Impact factor: 3.959
Authors: Matthew J Gounis; Baruch B Lieber; Ajay K Wakhloo; Ralf Siekmann; L N Hopkins Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2002 Jun-Jul Impact factor: 3.825