Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant brain tumors--where do we stand?

INTRODUCTION: What is the current status of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with regard to treating malignant brain tumors? Despite several decades of effort, PDT has yet to achieve standard of care.
PURPOSE: The questions we wish to answer are: where are we clinically with PDT, why is it not standard of care, and what is being done in clinical trials to get us there.
METHOD: Rather than a meta-analysis or comprehensive review, our review focuses on who the major research groups are, what their approaches to the problem are, and how their results compare to standard of care. Secondary questions include what the effective depth of light penetration is, and how deep can we expect to kill tumor cells. CURRENT
RESULTS: A measurable degree of necrosis is seen to a depth of about 5mm. Cavitary PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) results are encouraging, but need an adequate Phase III trial. Talaporfin with cavitary light application appears promising, although only a small case series has been reported. Foscan for fluorescence guided resection (FGR) plus intraoperative cavitary PDT results were improved over controls, but are poor compared to other groups. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-FGR plus postop cavitary HpD PDT show improvement over controls, but the comparison to standard of care is still poor.
CONCLUSION: Continued research in PDT will determine whether the advances shown will mitigate morbidity and mortality, but certainly the potential for this modality to revolutionize the treatment of brain tumors remains. The various uses for PDT in clinical practice should be pursued.