Fausto Petrelli1, Andrea Coinu2, Mary Cabiddu2, Mara Ghilardi2, Karen Borgonovo2, Veronica Lonati3, Sandro Barni2. 1. Oncology Department, Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Treviglio (BG), Italy. Electronic address: faupe@libero.it. 2. Oncology Department, Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Treviglio (BG), Italy. 3. Oncology Department, Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Treviglio (BG), Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Testicular stage I seminoma has a remarkable cure rate with orchiectomy alone. The benefit of adjuvant therapy is questionable, and a direct comparison with active surveillance is lacking. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy (CT) compared with surveillance alone on relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and noncancer-related mortality in patients with stage I seminoma. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed- or random-effects models. The primary endpoint was 5-year RFS, and secondary endpoints were 5-year OS and 5-year noncancer-related mortality, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 13 trials (11 retrospective and 2 prospective cohort series), including 12,075 patients with stage I seminoma, were analyzed. The relapse rates were 3.9% versus 14.8% in the adjuvant therapy and surveillance arms, respectively. Overall, adjuvant therapy significantly improved 5-year RFS (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.1-0.29; P < .00001), but not 5-year OS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.46-2.28; P = .94). Mortality due to other causes was not significantly increased with CT or RT. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant RT and CT reduce recurrence risk by 80% of stage I seminoma. However, they do not increase OS or noncancer-related mortality. Both treatment options can be offered to patients with stage I seminoma, taking into consideration the side effects and high cure rate of testicular cancer at relapse.
OBJECTIVE:Testicular stage I seminoma has a remarkable cure rate with orchiectomy alone. The benefit of adjuvant therapy is questionable, and a direct comparison with active surveillance is lacking. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy (CT) compared with surveillance alone on relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and noncancer-related mortality in patients with stage I seminoma. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed- or random-effects models. The primary endpoint was 5-year RFS, and secondary endpoints were 5-year OS and 5-year noncancer-related mortality, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 13 trials (11 retrospective and 2 prospective cohort series), including 12,075 patients with stage I seminoma, were analyzed. The relapse rates were 3.9% versus 14.8% in the adjuvant therapy and surveillance arms, respectively. Overall, adjuvant therapy significantly improved 5-year RFS (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.1-0.29; P < .00001), but not 5-year OS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.46-2.28; P = .94). Mortality due to other causes was not significantly increased with CT or RT. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant RT and CT reduce recurrence risk by 80% of stage I seminoma. However, they do not increase OS or noncancer-related mortality. Both treatment options can be offered to patients with stage I seminoma, taking into consideration the side effects and high cure rate of testicular cancer at relapse.
Authors: Andrew T Lenis; Nicholas M Donin; David C Johnson; Izak Faiena; Amirali Salmasi; Alexandra Drakaki; Arie Belldegrun; Allan Pantuck; Karim Chamie Journal: J Urol Date: 2017-05-04 Impact factor: 7.450