BACKGROUND: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East. The disease is considered endemic in Pakistan and neighboring countries like Iran and Afghanistan. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan and Afghanistan based on analysis of partial S-segment sequences. STUDY DESIGN: During 2011, one hundred samples satisfying the CCHF case definition were tested by (ELISA) and RT-PCR for detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on partial S-segment nucleotide sequences using MEGA 5.0. RESULTS: Out of one hundred collected during 2011, 49 (49%) were positive for CCHF either by ELISA/RT-PCR or both. The mean age of the CCHFV positive cases was 30.32 years (range 18-56 years) and overall mortality rate was 20.4%. All CCHF virus isolates from this study clustered with strains previously reported from Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan within the Asia-1 genogroup. Four distinct sub-clades were found circulating within Asia-1 genogroup. Six CCHFV strains found in Pakistan and Afghanistan grouped into a new sub-clade-D. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this study shows that endemic foci of CCHFV span the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with genetically diverse variants circulating in this region. Our findings emphasize to establish a laboratory based surveillance program and devise health policy measures to control CCHF infection especially in Baluchistan.
BACKGROUND: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East. The disease is considered endemic in Pakistan and neighboring countries like Iran and Afghanistan. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan and Afghanistan based on analysis of partial S-segment sequences. STUDY DESIGN: During 2011, one hundred samples satisfying the CCHF case definition were tested by (ELISA) and RT-PCR for detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on partial S-segment nucleotide sequences using MEGA 5.0. RESULTS: Out of one hundred collected during 2011, 49 (49%) were positive for CCHF either by ELISA/RT-PCR or both. The mean age of the CCHFV positive cases was 30.32 years (range 18-56 years) and overall mortality rate was 20.4%. All CCHF virus isolates from this study clustered with strains previously reported from Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan within the Asia-1 genogroup. Four distinct sub-clades were found circulating within Asia-1 genogroup. Six CCHFV strains found in Pakistan and Afghanistan grouped into a new sub-clade-D. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this study shows that endemic foci of CCHFV span the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with genetically diverse variants circulating in this region. Our findings emphasize to establish a laboratory based surveillance program and devise health policy measures to control CCHF infection especially in Baluchistan.
Authors: Paul W Blair; Jens H Kuhn; David B Pecor; Dmitry A Apanaskevich; Mark G Kortepeter; Anthony P Cardile; Aileen Polanco Ramos; Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2019-01 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Stephen Balinandi; Shannon Whitmer; Sophia Mulei; Luke Nyakarahuka; Alex Tumusiime; Jackson Kyondo; Jimmy Baluku; Joseph Mutyaba; Lawrence Mugisha; Maja Malmberg; Julius Lutwama; Trevor R Shoemaker; John D Klena Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2021-10-18 Impact factor: 3.707
Authors: Ali Zohaib; Muhammad Saqib; Muhammad A Athar; Muhammad H Hussain; Awais-Ur-Rahman Sial; Muhammad H Tayyab; Murrafa Batool; Halima Sadia; Zeeshan Taj; Usman Tahir; Muhammad Y Jakhrani; Jawad Tayyab; Muhammad A Kakar; Muhammad F Shahid; Tahir Yaqub; Jingyuan Zhang; Qiaoli Wu; Fei Deng; Victor M Corman; Shu Shen; Iahtasham Khan; Zheng-Li Shi Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 6.883