C A Ramos1, J F Reis2, T Almeida2, F Alves2, H T Wolterbeek3, S M Almeida4. 1. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Radiation, Radionuclides and Reactors, Technical University of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: carla.ramos@ctn.ist.utl.pt. 2. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. 3. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Radiation, Radionuclides and Reactors, Technical University of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands. 4. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is undeniable that many benefits come from physical activity. People exercise in fitness centers to improve their health and well-being, prevent disease and to increase physical attractiveness. However, these facilities join conditions that cause poor indoor air quality. Moreover, increased inhalation rates during exercise have influence on inhaled doses of air pollution. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to calculate the inhaled dose of air pollutants during exercise, by estimating minute ventilation of participants and measuring air pollutant concentrations in fitness centers. METHODS: Firstly, the 20 participants performed an incremental test on a treadmill, where heart rate and minute ventilation were measured simultaneously to develop individual exponential regression equations. Secondly, heart rate was measured during fitness classes and minute ventilation was estimated based on the calculated regression coefficients. Finally, the inhaled dose of air pollutants was calculated using the estimated minute ventilation and the concentrations of the pollutants measured in a monitoring program performed in 63 fitness classes. RESULTS: Estimated inhaled doses were higher in aerobic classes than in holistic classes. The main difference was registered for PM10 inhaled dose that presented an average ratio between aerobic and holistic classes greater than four. Minute ventilation and PM10 concentrations in aerobic classes were, on average, 2.0 times higher than in holistic classes. Results showed that inhalation of pollutants is increased during heavy exercise, demonstrating the need to maintain high indoor air quality in fitness centers. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the importance of inclusion minute ventilation data when comparing inhaled doses of air pollution between different population groups. This work has estimated for the first time the minute ventilation for different fitness classes. Also constitutes an important contribution for the assessment of inhaled dose in future studies to be performed in fitness centers.
BACKGROUND: It is undeniable that many benefits come from physical activity. People exercise in fitness centers to improve their health and well-being, prevent disease and to increase physical attractiveness. However, these facilities join conditions that cause poor indoor air quality. Moreover, increased inhalation rates during exercise have influence on inhaled doses of air pollution. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to calculate the inhaled dose of air pollutants during exercise, by estimating minute ventilation of participants and measuring air pollutant concentrations in fitness centers. METHODS: Firstly, the 20 participants performed an incremental test on a treadmill, where heart rate and minute ventilation were measured simultaneously to develop individual exponential regression equations. Secondly, heart rate was measured during fitness classes and minute ventilation was estimated based on the calculated regression coefficients. Finally, the inhaled dose of air pollutants was calculated using the estimated minute ventilation and the concentrations of the pollutants measured in a monitoring program performed in 63 fitness classes. RESULTS: Estimated inhaled doses were higher in aerobic classes than in holistic classes. The main difference was registered for PM10 inhaled dose that presented an average ratio between aerobic and holistic classes greater than four. Minute ventilation and PM10 concentrations in aerobic classes were, on average, 2.0 times higher than in holistic classes. Results showed that inhalation of pollutants is increased during heavy exercise, demonstrating the need to maintain high indoor air quality in fitness centers. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the importance of inclusion minute ventilation data when comparing inhaled doses of air pollution between different population groups. This work has estimated for the first time the minute ventilation for different fitness classes. Also constitutes an important contribution for the assessment of inhaled dose in future studies to be performed in fitness centers.
Authors: M Almeida-Silva; T Faria; D Saraga; T Maggos; H T Wolterbeek; S M Almeida Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2016-01-12 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Alexandro Andrade; Fábio Hech Dominski; Marcelo Luiz Pereira; Carla Maria de Liz; Giorgio Buonanno Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2018-05-07 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: T P Chao; E F Sperandio; T L V P Ostolin; V R Almeida; M Romiti; A R T Gagliardi; R L Arantes; V Z Dourado Journal: Braz J Med Biol Res Date: 2018-03-26 Impact factor: 2.590
Authors: N Good; T Carpenter; G B Anderson; A Wilson; J L Peel; R C Browning; J Volckens Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2018-09-05 Impact factor: 5.563