Malcolm Granat1, Clare Clarke2, Richard Holdsworth3, Ben Stansfield4, Philippa Dall5. 1. School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK. Electronic address: m.h.granat@salford.ac.uk. 2. Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Electronic address: c.z.clarke@dundee.ac.uk. 3. Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK. Electronic address: richard.holdsworth@nhs.net. 4. School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: ben.stansfield@gcu.ac.uk. 5. School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: philippa.dall@gcu.ac.uk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Free-living walking occurs over a wide range of durations and intensities (cadence). Therefore, its characterisation requires a full description of the distribution of duration and cadence of these walking events. The aim was to use event-based analysis to characterise this in a population with intermittent claudication (IC) and a healthy matched control group. METHODS: Seven-day walking activity was recorded using the activPAL activity monitor in a group of people with IC (n=30) and an age-matched control group (n=30). The cadence, number of steps and duration of individual walking events were calculated and outcomes were derived, and compared (p<0.05), based on thresholds applied. RESULTS: Both groups had similar number of walking events per day (392±117 vs 415±160). The control group accumulated a greater proportion of their walking at higher cadences and 32% of their steps were taken at a cadence above 100 steps/min, for the IC group this was 20%. Longer walking events had higher cadences and the IC group had fewer of these. As walking events became longer the cadence increased but the inter-event cadence variability decreased. More purposeful walking might occur at a higher cadence, and be performed at a preferred cadence. Individuals with IC had a smaller volume of walking, but these differences occurred almost entirely above a cadence of 90 steps/min. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study which has quantified the cadence of continuous periods of free-living walking. The characteristics (duration, number of steps and cadence) of all the individual walking events were used to derive novel outcomes, providing new insights into free-living walking behaviour.
PURPOSE: Free-living walking occurs over a wide range of durations and intensities (cadence). Therefore, its characterisation requires a full description of the distribution of duration and cadence of these walking events. The aim was to use event-based analysis to characterise this in a population with intermittent claudication (IC) and a healthy matched control group. METHODS: Seven-day walking activity was recorded using the activPAL activity monitor in a group of people with IC (n=30) and an age-matched control group (n=30). The cadence, number of steps and duration of individual walking events were calculated and outcomes were derived, and compared (p<0.05), based on thresholds applied. RESULTS: Both groups had similar number of walking events per day (392±117 vs 415±160). The control group accumulated a greater proportion of their walking at higher cadences and 32% of their steps were taken at a cadence above 100 steps/min, for the IC group this was 20%. Longer walking events had higher cadences and the IC group had fewer of these. As walking events became longer the cadence increased but the inter-event cadence variability decreased. More purposeful walking might occur at a higher cadence, and be performed at a preferred cadence. Individuals with IC had a smaller volume of walking, but these differences occurred almost entirely above a cadence of 90 steps/min. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study which has quantified the cadence of continuous periods of free-living walking. The characteristics (duration, number of steps and cadence) of all the individual walking events were used to derive novel outcomes, providing new insights into free-living walking behaviour.
Authors: Ryan E R Reid; Malcolm H Granat; Tiago V Barreira; Charlotte D Haugan; Tyler G R Reid; Ross E Andersen Journal: Obes Surg Date: 2019-10 Impact factor: 4.129
Authors: Kate Lyden; Robert Boucher; Guo Wei; Na Zhou; Jesse Christensen; Glenn M Chertow; Tom Greene; Srinivasan Beddhu Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2021-04-22 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Bronwyn K Clark; Elisabeth A Winkler; Charlotte L Brakenridge; Stewart G Trost; Genevieve N Healy Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-03-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Samantha K Stephens; Elizabeth G Eakin; Bronwyn K Clark; Elisabeth A H Winkler; Neville Owen; Anthony D LaMontagne; Marj Moodie; Sheleigh P Lawler; David W Dunstan; Genevieve N Healy Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2018-10-12 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Charlotte L Edwardson; Elisabeth A H Winkler; Danielle H Bodicoat; Tom Yates; Melanie J Davies; David W Dunstan; Genevieve N Healy Journal: J Sport Health Sci Date: 2016-02-03 Impact factor: 7.179