Peter N Chalmers1, Terrance Sgroi2, Andrew J Riff3, Matthew Lesniak2, Eli T Sayegh4, Nikhil N Verma3, Brian J Cole3, Anthony A Romeo3. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.. Electronic address: p.n.chalmers@gmail.com. 2. Accelerated Rehabilitation Centers, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 4. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the factors within pitcher demographic characteristics, pitching history, and pitch kinematics, including velocity, that correlate with a history of pitching-related injury. METHODS: Demographic and kinematic data were collected on healthy youth and adolescent pitchers aged 9 to 22 years in preseason training during a single preseason using dual orthogonal high-speed video analysis. Pitchers who threw sidearm and those who had transitioned to another position were excluded. Players were asked whether they had ever had a pitching-related shoulder or elbow injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on those variables that correlated with a history of injury. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty pitchers were included, of whom 31% had a history of a pitching-related injury. Participant height (P = .009, R(2) = 0.023), pitching for more than 1 team (P = .019, R(2) = 0.018), and pitch velocity (P = .006, R(2) = 0.194) served as independent correlates of injury status. A model constructed with these 3 variables could correctly predict 77% of injury histories. Within our cohort, the presence of a 10-inch increase in height was associated with an increase in a history of injury by 20% and a 10-mph increase in velocity was associated with an increase in the likelihood of a history of injury by 12%. Playing for more than 1 team increased the likelihood of a history of injury by 22%. CONCLUSIONS: Pitch velocity, pitcher height, and pitching for more than 1 team correlate with a history of shoulder and elbow injury. Current recommendations regarding breaking pitches may not prevent injury. Pitchers should be cautioned about pitching for more than 1 team. Taller pitchers and high-velocity pitchers may be at risk of injury.
PURPOSE: To determine the factors within pitcher demographic characteristics, pitching history, and pitch kinematics, including velocity, that correlate with a history of pitching-related injury. METHODS: Demographic and kinematic data were collected on healthy youth and adolescent pitchers aged 9 to 22 years in preseason training during a single preseason using dual orthogonal high-speed video analysis. Pitchers who threw sidearm and those who had transitioned to another position were excluded. Players were asked whether they had ever had a pitching-related shoulder or elbow injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on those variables that correlated with a history of injury. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty pitchers were included, of whom 31% had a history of a pitching-related injury. Participant height (P = .009, R(2) = 0.023), pitching for more than 1 team (P = .019, R(2) = 0.018), and pitch velocity (P = .006, R(2) = 0.194) served as independent correlates of injury status. A model constructed with these 3 variables could correctly predict 77% of injury histories. Within our cohort, the presence of a 10-inch increase in height was associated with an increase in a history of injury by 20% and a 10-mph increase in velocity was associated with an increase in the likelihood of a history of injury by 12%. Playing for more than 1 team increased the likelihood of a history of injury by 22%. CONCLUSIONS: Pitch velocity, pitcher height, and pitching for more than 1 team correlate with a history of shoulder and elbow injury. Current recommendations regarding breaking pitches may not prevent injury. Pitchers should be cautioned about pitching for more than 1 team. Taller pitchers and high-velocity pitchers may be at risk of injury.
Authors: Eric G Post; Kevin M Biese; Daniel A Schaefer; Andrew M Watson; Timothy A McGuine; M Alison Brooks; David R Bell Journal: Sports Health Date: 2019-11-14 Impact factor: 3.843
Authors: Peter N Chalmers; Markus A Wimmer; Nikhil N Verma; Brian J Cole; Anthony A Romeo; Gregory L Cvetanovich; Michael L Pearl Journal: Sports Health Date: 2017-01-01 Impact factor: 3.843
Authors: Andrew T Pennock; Jerry Dwek; Emily Levy; Philip Stearns; John Manning; M Morgan Dennis; Amanda Davis-Juarez; Tracey Bastrom; Kenneth S Taylor Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2018-02-23
Authors: Andrew V Pytiak; Phillip Stearns; Tracey P Bastrom; Jerry Dwek; Peter Kruk; Joanna H Roocroft; Andrew T Pennock Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2017-05-19