Characterization of dopamine releasable and reserve pools in Drosophila larvae using ATP/P2X2 -mediated stimulation.

Dopaminergic signaling pathways are conserved between mammals and Drosophila, but the factors important for maintaining the functional pool of synaptic dopamine are not fully understood in Drosophila. In this study, we characterized the releasable and reserve dopamine pools in Drosophila larvae using ATP/P2X2 -mediated stimulation. Dopamine release was stable with stimulations performed at least every 5 min but decayed with stimulations performed 2 min apart or less, indicating the replenishment of the releasable pool occurred on a time scale between 2 and 5 min. Dopamine synthesis or uptake was pharmacologically inhibited with 3-iodotyrosine and cocaine, respectively, to evaluate their contributions to maintain the releasable dopamine pool. We found that both synthesis and uptake were needed to maintain the releasable dopamine pool, with synthesis playing a major part in long-term replenishment and uptake being more important for short-term replenishment. These effects of synthesis and uptake on different time scales in Drosophila are analogous to mammals. However, unlike in mammals, cocaine did not activate a reserve pool of dopamine in Drosophila when using P2X2 stimulations. Our study shows that both synthesis and uptake replenish the releasable pool, providing a better understanding of dopamine regulation in Drosophila. The maintenance of the releasable dopamine pool was examined in Drosophila larva. Both synthesis and uptake were needed to maintain the releasable dopamine pool, with synthesis being most important on a longer time scale and uptake on a shorter time scale. Dopamine release was stimulated by applying ATP which activated P2X2 channels specifically expressed in dopaminergic neurons.