Rob Mariman1, Frans Tielen2, Frits Koning3, Lex Nagelkerken2. 1. Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands r.m.mariman@gmail.com. 2. Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands; and. 3. Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Probiotic bacteria may render mice resistant to the development of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may influence intestinal immune homeostasis in noninflammatory conditions. METHODS: The effect of VSL#3, a mixture of 8 probiotic bacteria, on intestinal gene expression was studied in healthy female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice after prolonged oral treatment (28 d, triweekly) with 3 × 10(8) colony-forming units of VSL#3. In a separate experiment in BALB/c mice, the effects of prolonged administration of VSL#3 and of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by 1 single dose of VSL#3, on innate and adaptive immune cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Microarray analysis of the intestines of mice treated with PBS confirmed well-established differences in the expression of immune-related genes between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Prolonged administration of VSL#3 was associated with downregulation of Il13 [fold change (FC) = 0.46] and Eosinophil peroxidase (Epx) (FC = 0.44) and upregulation of Il12rb1 (FC = 2.1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (Ccr5) (FC = 2.6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (Cxcr3) (FC = 1.6), and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (Cxcl10) (FC = 2.8) in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. In BALB/c mice, it was shown that 28 d of treatment with VSL#3 affected the Peyer's patches (PPs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), which was evident from an increase in B cells (26% and 8%, respectively), a decrease in T cells (21% and 8%, respectively), and an increase in cluster of differentiation (CD) 11c(+) cells (57% in PPs) compared with PBS-treated mice. This treatment was also associated with increased frequencies of T helper 17 (13%) and regulatory T cells (11%) in the MLNs. Treatment with PBS followed by 1 single dose of VSL#3, 18 h before killing, was associated with a 2-fold increase in CD103(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells in MLNs and PPs. CONCLUSION: VSL#3 treatment mediates mouse strain-specific alterations in immunologic phenotype in conditions of homeostasis, suggesting that the effects of probiotic bacteria depend on the genetic background of the host.
BACKGROUND: Probiotic bacteria may render mice resistant to the development of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may influence intestinal immune homeostasis in noninflammatory conditions. METHODS: The effect of VSL#3, a mixture of 8 probiotic bacteria, on intestinal gene expression was studied in healthy female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice after prolonged oral treatment (28 d, triweekly) with 3 × 10(8) colony-forming units of VSL#3. In a separate experiment in BALB/c mice, the effects of prolonged administration of VSL#3 and of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by 1 single dose of VSL#3, on innate and adaptive immune cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Microarray analysis of the intestines of mice treated with PBS confirmed well-established differences in the expression of immune-related genes between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Prolonged administration of VSL#3 was associated with downregulation of Il13 [fold change (FC) = 0.46] and Eosinophil peroxidase (Epx) (FC = 0.44) and upregulation of Il12rb1 (FC = 2.1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (Ccr5) (FC = 2.6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (Cxcr3) (FC = 1.6), and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (Cxcl10) (FC = 2.8) in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. In BALB/c mice, it was shown that 28 d of treatment with VSL#3 affected the Peyer's patches (PPs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), which was evident from an increase in B cells (26% and 8%, respectively), a decrease in T cells (21% and 8%, respectively), and an increase in cluster of differentiation (CD) 11c(+) cells (57% in PPs) compared with PBS-treated mice. This treatment was also associated with increased frequencies of T helper 17 (13%) and regulatory T cells (11%) in the MLNs. Treatment with PBS followed by 1 single dose of VSL#3, 18 h before killing, was associated with a 2-fold increase in CD103(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells in MLNs and PPs. CONCLUSION: VSL#3 treatment mediates mouse strain-specific alterations in immunologic phenotype in conditions of homeostasis, suggesting that the effects of probiotic bacteria depend on the genetic background of the host.
Authors: Changjun Wang; Laura Schaefer; Fang Bian; Zhiyuan Yu; Stephen C Pflugfelder; Robert A Britton; Cintia S de Paiva Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Nirupama Benis; Jerry M Wells; Mari A Smits; Soumya Kanti Kar; Bart van der Hee; Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos; Maria Suarez-Diez; Dirkjan Schokker Journal: BMC Genomics Date: 2019-12-30 Impact factor: 3.969