Jurate Butnoriene1, Adomas Bunevicius2, Ausra Saudargiene3, Charles B Nemeroff4, Antanas Norkus1, Vile Ciceniene5, Robertas Bunevicius6. 1. Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. 2. Institute of Neurosciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. Electronic address: a.bunevicius@yahoo.com. 3. Department of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. 5. Institute of Hygiene, Vilnius, Lithuania. 6. Behavioral Medicine Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies investigating specifically whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and common psychiatric disorders are independently associated with mortality are lacking. In a middle-aged general population, we investigated the association of the MetS, current major depressive episode (MDE), lifetime MDE, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with ten-year all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS: From February 2003 until January 2004, 1115 individuals aged 45 years and older were randomly selected from a primary care practice and prospectively evaluated for: (1) MetS (The World Health Organization [WHO], National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation [IDF] definitions); (2) current MDE and GAD, and lifetime MDE (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview); and (3) conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Follow-up continued through January, 2013. RESULTS: During the 9.32 ± 0.47 years of follow-up, there were 248 deaths, of which 148 deaths were attributed to cardiovascular causes. In women, WHO-MetS and IDF-MetS were associated with greater all-cause (HR-values range from 1.77 to 1.91; p-values ≤ 0.012) and cardiovascular (HR-values range from 1.83 to 2.77; p-values ≤ 0.013) mortality independent of cardiovascular risk factors and MDE/GAD. Current GAD predicted greater cardiovascular mortality (HR-values range from 1.86 to 1.99; p-values ≤ 0.025) independently from MetS and cardiovascular risk factors. In men, the MetS and MDE/GAD were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In middle aged women, the MetS and GAD predicted greater 10-year cardiovascular mortality independently from each other; 10-year all-cause mortality was independently predicted by the MetS. MetS and GAD should be considered important and independent mortality risk factors in women.
BACKGROUND: Studies investigating specifically whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and common psychiatric disorders are independently associated with mortality are lacking. In a middle-aged general population, we investigated the association of the MetS, current major depressive episode (MDE), lifetime MDE, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with ten-year all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS: From February 2003 until January 2004, 1115 individuals aged 45 years and older were randomly selected from a primary care practice and prospectively evaluated for: (1) MetS (The World Health Organization [WHO], National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation [IDF] definitions); (2) current MDE and GAD, and lifetime MDE (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview); and (3) conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Follow-up continued through January, 2013. RESULTS: During the 9.32 ± 0.47 years of follow-up, there were 248 deaths, of which 148 deaths were attributed to cardiovascular causes. In women, WHO-MetS and IDF-MetS were associated with greater all-cause (HR-values range from 1.77 to 1.91; p-values ≤ 0.012) and cardiovascular (HR-values range from 1.83 to 2.77; p-values ≤ 0.013) mortality independent of cardiovascular risk factors and MDE/GAD. Current GAD predicted greater cardiovascular mortality (HR-values range from 1.86 to 1.99; p-values ≤ 0.025) independently from MetS and cardiovascular risk factors. In men, the MetS and MDE/GAD were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In middle aged women, the MetS and GAD predicted greater 10-year cardiovascular mortality independently from each other; 10-year all-cause mortality was independently predicted by the MetS. MetS and GAD should be considered important and independent mortality risk factors in women.
Authors: Christoph U Correll; Marco Solmi; Nicola Veronese; Beatrice Bortolato; Stella Rosson; Paolo Santonastaso; Nita Thapa-Chhetri; Michele Fornaro; Davide Gallicchio; Enrico Collantoni; Giorgio Pigato; Angela Favaro; Francesco Monaco; Cristiano Kohler; Davy Vancampfort; Philip B Ward; Fiona Gaughran; André F Carvalho; Brendon Stubbs Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2017-06 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Ana Belén Fernández-Serrano; Francisco José Moya-Faz; Cesar Augusto Giner Alegría; Juan Carlos Fernández Rodríguez Journal: Brain Behav Date: 2022-05-19 Impact factor: 3.405
Authors: Gretchen A Brenes; Suzanne C Danhauer; Mary F Lyles; Andrea Anderson; Michael E Miller Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2016-04-15 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Kalani L Raphael; Rachel A Murphy; Michael G Shlipak; Suzanne Satterfield; Hunter K Huston; Anthony Sebastian; Deborah E Sellmeyer; Kushang V Patel; Anne B Newman; Mark J Sarnak; Joachim H Ix; Linda F Fried Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2016-01-14 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Mirela Dobre; Nicholas M Pajewski; Srinivasan Beddhu; Michel Chonchol; Thomas H Hostetter; Ping Li; Mahboob Rahman; Karen Servilla; Daniel E Weiner; Jackson T Wright; Kalani L Raphael Journal: Nephrol Dial Transplant Date: 2020-08-01 Impact factor: 5.992