Wei Wang1, Jane C Obi2, Selam Engida2, Elizabeth R Carter2, Fei Yan1, Jian Zhang3. 1. Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA. Electronic address: jianzhang@georgiasouthern.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to exam whether excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injury. METHOD: We analyzed nationally representative data of 14,453 adults (19 and older) who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, and were followed up with vital statuses through December 31, 2006. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death from all unnatural causes combined and specific ones. Gray's test was performed to assess the equality of cumulative incidence functions between body mass index (BMI) levels. RESULTS: A total of 128 unnatural deaths were recorded during an 18-year follow-up with 193,019 person-years accumulated. Compared with healthy weight participants, a person with excess body weight had a low hazard of death from unnatural causes [HR=1.00 (reference), 0.58 (0.39-0.87), and 0.50 (0.30-0.82) for healthy weight, overweight and obese participants, respectively]. Injuries, including motor vehicle accidents and falls, were the major types of unnatural deaths (n=91, 71% of all unnatural deaths), and the risk of death from injuries was linearly and reversely associated with BMI. The HRs of injury were 1.00 (reference), 0.57 (0.36-0.91), and 0.36 (0.19-0.69) for healthy weight, overweight and obese participants, respectively. All these estimates were obtained after adjustment of socio-demographic variables. DISCUSSION: Excess body weight appears to be associated with a low risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injuries. Additional investigations on the mechanism underlying the relationship between BMI and unnatural deaths are warranted.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to exam whether excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injury. METHOD: We analyzed nationally representative data of 14,453 adults (19 and older) who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, and were followed up with vital statuses through December 31, 2006. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death from all unnatural causes combined and specific ones. Gray's test was performed to assess the equality of cumulative incidence functions between body mass index (BMI) levels. RESULTS: A total of 128 unnatural deaths were recorded during an 18-year follow-up with 193,019 person-years accumulated. Compared with healthy weight participants, a person with excess body weight had a low hazard of death from unnatural causes [HR=1.00 (reference), 0.58 (0.39-0.87), and 0.50 (0.30-0.82) for healthy weight, overweight and obeseparticipants, respectively]. Injuries, including motor vehicle accidents and falls, were the major types of unnatural deaths (n=91, 71% of all unnatural deaths), and the risk of death from injuries was linearly and reversely associated with BMI. The HRs of injury were 1.00 (reference), 0.57 (0.36-0.91), and 0.36 (0.19-0.69) for healthy weight, overweight and obeseparticipants, respectively. All these estimates were obtained after adjustment of socio-demographic variables. DISCUSSION: Excess body weight appears to be associated with a low risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injuries. Additional investigations on the mechanism underlying the relationship between BMI and unnatural deaths are warranted.