Evidence-based management of neonatal vomiting in the emergency department.

Vomiting accounts for up to 36% of neonatal visits to the emergency department. The causes of vomiting can range from benign to life-threatening. Evidence to guide the diagnosis and management of neonatal vomiting in the emergency department is limited. History and physical examination are extremely important in these cases, especially in identifying red flags such as bilious or projectile emesis. A thorough review is presented, discussing various imaging modalities, including plain abdominal radiography, upper gastrointestinal studies, ultrasonography, and contrast enema. A systematic approach in the emergency department, as outlined in this review, is required to identify the serious causes of vomiting in the neonate.