Inês Sanches1, Aurora Carvalho2, Raquel Duarte3. 1. Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra- Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: inesanches@portugalmail.pt. 2. Centro de Diagnóstico Pneumológico de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. 3. Centro de Diagnóstico Pneumológico de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Publica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and 20% of all cases are extrapulmonar. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with extrapulmonar tuberculosis. METHODS: We carried out a transversal study which included all patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis registered in a TB reference center in northern Portugal, between January 2008 and January 2012. We evaluated demographic data, comorbidities, BCG vaccination and previous tuberculosis treatments. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors (p<0.05). RESULTS: Among the 386 patients studied, 260 (67.4%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 126 (32.6%) extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Age over 40 years old (OR=2.09; 95%CI: 1.29-3.38), female gender (OR=1.63; 95%CI=1.02-2.6) and HIV infection (OR=2.72, 95%CI=1.25-5.93) were independent risk factors for EPTB. Alcoholism (OR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.00-4.95) was associated with higher risk for PTB. Previous liver disease (OR=22.30; 95%IC: 1.89-263.57) was an independent risk factor for peritoneal TB. HIV co-infection (OR=12.97; 95%IC: 1.71-48.42) and the presence of previous TB treatment (OR=7.62; 95%IC: 1.00-57.9) increase the risk of disseminated disease. CONCLUSION: We identified independent risk factors for EPTB. Recognizing risk factors associated with EPTB is essential for suspicion of disease and may help make an accurate diagnosis.
INTRODUCTION:Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and 20% of all cases are extrapulmonar. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with extrapulmonar tuberculosis. METHODS: We carried out a transversal study which included all patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis registered in a TB reference center in northern Portugal, between January 2008 and January 2012. We evaluated demographic data, comorbidities, BCG vaccination and previous tuberculosis treatments. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors (p<0.05). RESULTS: Among the 386 patients studied, 260 (67.4%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 126 (32.6%) extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Age over 40 years old (OR=2.09; 95%CI: 1.29-3.38), female gender (OR=1.63; 95%CI=1.02-2.6) and HIV infection (OR=2.72, 95%CI=1.25-5.93) were independent risk factors for EPTB. Alcoholism (OR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.00-4.95) was associated with higher risk for PTB. Previous liver disease (OR=22.30; 95%IC: 1.89-263.57) was an independent risk factor for peritoneal TB. HIV co-infection (OR=12.97; 95%IC: 1.71-48.42) and the presence of previous TB treatment (OR=7.62; 95%IC: 1.00-57.9) increase the risk of disseminated disease. CONCLUSION: We identified independent risk factors for EPTB. Recognizing risk factors associated with EPTB is essential for suspicion of disease and may help make an accurate diagnosis.
Authors: Mogahid M Elhassan; Hassan A Hemeg; Miskelyemen A Elmekki; Khalid A Turkistani; Ahmed A Abdul-Aziz Journal: Infect Disord Drug Targets Date: 2017
Authors: Tita Husnitawati Madjid; Iqbal Ardhi; Wiryawan Permadi; Hadi Susiarno; Sofie Rifayani Krisnadi; Firman Fuad Wirakusumah; Ida Parwati Journal: Int J Gen Med Date: 2019-12-31