Walter Baumgartner1, Manfred Welti1, Nora Hild2, Samuel C Hess2, Wendelin J Stark2, Gabriella Meier Bürgisser1, Pietro Giovanoli1, Johanna Buschmann3. 1. Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. 2. Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: johanna.buschmann@usz.ch.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Perfusion bioreactors are used to solve problems in critical size bone tissue engineering. Biominerizable and biocompatible nanocomposites are suitable scaffold materials for this purpose because they offer mineral components in organic carriers. Human adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) can potentially be used to increase bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electrospun nanocomposite disks of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/a-CaP) were seeded with ASCs and eight disks were stacked in a bioreactor running with normal culture. Under perfusion and uniaxial cyclic compression, load-displacement curves as a function of time were assessed. Stiffness and energy dissipation were recorded. Moreover, stem cell densities in the layers of the piled scaffold were determined as well as their morphologies and differentiation status. RESULTS: While the stiffness of the cell free constructs increased over time based on the transformation of the a-CaP nanoparticles into flake-like apatite, ASC-seeded constructs showed a constant stiffness. Stem cell density gradients had a linear increase from the bottom to the top of the pile (r(2)>0.95). Stem cells were getting more roundish at higher flow rates. Some osteogenesis was found upon osteopontin immunostaining, while no endothelial cell differentiation and no chondrogenesis was triggered. CONCLUSIONS: The fabrication of a critical size bone graft is presented based on a biominerizable bone-biomimetic nanocomposite with preserved stiffness when seeded with ASCs. The cell densities of ASCs inside the piled construct varied with a linear gradient. Beginning osteogenesis was triggered by the dynamic culture conditions including perfusion and compression.
BACKGROUND: Perfusion bioreactors are used to solve problems in critical size bone tissue engineering. Biominerizable and biocompatible nanocomposites are suitable scaffold materials for this purpose because they offer mineral components in organic carriers. Human adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) can potentially be used to increase bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electrospun nanocomposite disks of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/a-CaP) were seeded with ASCs and eight disks were stacked in a bioreactor running with normal culture. Under perfusion and uniaxial cyclic compression, load-displacement curves as a function of time were assessed. Stiffness and energy dissipation were recorded. Moreover, stem cell densities in the layers of the piled scaffold were determined as well as their morphologies and differentiation status. RESULTS: While the stiffness of the cell free constructs increased over time based on the transformation of the a-CaP nanoparticles into flake-like apatite, ASC-seeded constructs showed a constant stiffness. Stem cell density gradients had a linear increase from the bottom to the top of the pile (r(2)>0.95). Stem cells were getting more roundish at higher flow rates. Some osteogenesis was found upon osteopontin immunostaining, while no endothelial cell differentiation and no chondrogenesis was triggered. CONCLUSIONS: The fabrication of a critical size bone graft is presented based on a biominerizable bone-biomimetic nanocomposite with preserved stiffness when seeded with ASCs. The cell densities of ASCs inside the piled construct varied with a linear gradient. Beginning osteogenesis was triggered by the dynamic culture conditions including perfusion and compression.
Authors: Joseph Lovecchio; Paolo Gargiulo; Jose Luis Vargas Luna; Emanuele Giordano; Ólafur Eysteinn Sigurjónsson Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-11-14 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Gian Nutal Schädli; Jolanda R Vetsch; Robert P Baumann; Anke M de Leeuw; Esther Wehrle; Marina Rubert; Ralph Müller Journal: Commun Biol Date: 2021-01-25