AIM: To examine the contribution of treatment resistant depression (TRD) to mortality in depressed post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients independent of biological and social predictors. METHODS: This secondary analysis study utilizes the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial data. From 1834 depressed patients in the ENRICHD study, there were 770 depressed post-MI patients who were treated for depression. In this study, TRD is defined as having a less than 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) score from baseline and a HAM-D score of greater than 10 in 6 mo after depression treatment began. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent contributions of TRD to mortality after controlling for the biological and social predictors. RESULTS: TRD occurred in 13.4% (n = 103) of the 770 patients treated for depression. Patients with TRD were significantly younger in age (P = 0.04) (mean = 57.0 years, SD = 11.7) than those without TRD (mean = 59.2 years, SD = 12.0). There was a significantly higher percentage of females with TRD (57.3%) compared to females without TRD (47.4%) [χ(2) (1) = 4.65, P = 0.031]. There were significantly more current smokers with TRD (44.7%) than without TRD (33.0%) [χ(2) (1) = 7.34, P = 0.007]. There were no significant differences in diabetes (P = 0.120), history of heart failure (P = 0.258), prior MI (P = 0.524), and prior stroke (P = 0.180) between patients with TRD and those without TRD. Mortality was 13% (n = 13) in patients with TRD and 7% (n = 49) in patients without TRD, with a mean follow-up of 29 mo (18 mo minimum and maximum of 4.5 years). TRD was a significant independent predictor of mortality (HR = 1.995; 95%CI: 1.011-3.938, P = 0.046) after controlling for age (HR = 1.036; 95%CI: 1.011-1.061, P = 0.004), diabetes (HR = 2.912; 95%CI: 1.638-5.180, P < 0.001), heart failure (HR = 2.736; 95%CI: 1.551-4.827, P = 0.001), and smoking (HR = 0.502; 95%CI: 0.228-1.105, P = 0.087). CONCLUSION: The analysis of TRD in the ENRICHD study shows that the effective treatment of depression reduced mortality in depressed post-MI patients. It is important to monitor the effectiveness of depression treatment and change treatments if necessary to reduce depression and improve cardiac outcomes in depressed post-MI patients.
AIM: To examine the contribution of treatment resistant depression (TRD) to mortality in depressed post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients independent of biological and social predictors. METHODS: This secondary analysis study utilizes the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial data. From 1834 depressedpatients in the ENRICHD study, there were 770 depressed post-MIpatients who were treated for depression. In this study, TRD is defined as having a less than 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) score from baseline and a HAM-D score of greater than 10 in 6 mo after depression treatment began. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent contributions of TRD to mortality after controlling for the biological and social predictors. RESULTS: TRD occurred in 13.4% (n = 103) of the 770 patients treated for depression. Patients with TRD were significantly younger in age (P = 0.04) (mean = 57.0 years, SD = 11.7) than those without TRD (mean = 59.2 years, SD = 12.0). There was a significantly higher percentage of females with TRD (57.3%) compared to females without TRD (47.4%) [χ(2) (1) = 4.65, P = 0.031]. There were significantly more current smokers with TRD (44.7%) than without TRD (33.0%) [χ(2) (1) = 7.34, P = 0.007]. There were no significant differences in diabetes (P = 0.120), history of heart failure (P = 0.258), prior MI (P = 0.524), and prior stroke (P = 0.180) between patients with TRD and those without TRD. Mortality was 13% (n = 13) in patients with TRD and 7% (n = 49) in patients without TRD, with a mean follow-up of 29 mo (18 mo minimum and maximum of 4.5 years). TRD was a significant independent predictor of mortality (HR = 1.995; 95%CI: 1.011-3.938, P = 0.046) after controlling for age (HR = 1.036; 95%CI: 1.011-1.061, P = 0.004), diabetes (HR = 2.912; 95%CI: 1.638-5.180, P < 0.001), heart failure (HR = 2.736; 95%CI: 1.551-4.827, P = 0.001), and smoking (HR = 0.502; 95%CI: 0.228-1.105, P = 0.087). CONCLUSION: The analysis of TRD in the ENRICHD study shows that the effective treatment of depression reduced mortality in depressed post-MIpatients. It is important to monitor the effectiveness of depression treatment and change treatments if necessary to reduce depression and improve cardiac outcomes in depressed post-MIpatients.
Authors: Kenneth E Freedland; Judith A Skala; Robert M Carney; James M Raczynski; C Barr Taylor; Carlos F Mendes de Leon; Gail Ironson; Marston E Youngblood; K Ranga Rama Krishnan; Richard C Veith Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2002 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Jeffrey F Scherrer; Timothy Chrusciel; Lauren D Garfield; Kenneth E Freedland; Robert M Carney; Paul J Hauptman; Kathleen K Bucholz; Richard Owen; Patrick J Lustman Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2012-01-12 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: D E Bush; R C Ziegelstein; M Tayback; D Richter; S Stevens; H Zahalsky; J A Fauerbach Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2001-08-15 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Shari S Rogal; Gautham Mankaney; Viyan Udawatta; Matthew Chinman; Chester B Good; Susan Zickmund; Klaus Bielefeldt; Alexis Chidi; Naudia Jonassaint; Alison Jazwinski; Obaid Shaikh; Christopher Hughes; Paulo Fontes; Abhinav Humar; Andrea DiMartini Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-11-07 Impact factor: 3.240