Xi Zhang1, Kai Wang2, Qin Yang1,3, Jun Wang1, Chao Xuan1, Xiao-Cheng Liu1, Zhi-Gang Liu1, Guo-Wei He1,4. 1. TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin and The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China. 3. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 4. Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) has intracardiac left-to-right shunt and increased pulmonary flow that may affect the acute phase response (APR). We examined the hypothesis that plasma proteins of VSD patients may be altered. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 2DE and MS were used to detect differential plasma proteins in VSD patients (n = 55) and controls (n = 70). Candidate APR proteins were confirmed by ELISA in new samples. RESULTS: Among three differentially expressed APR proteins from 322 protein spots detected, haptoglobin (0.4 ± 0.04 versus 0.6 ± 0.07 mg/mL; p = 0.016) and serum amyloid P-component (SAP) (3.8 ± 0.2 versus 6.3 ± 0.8 ng/mL; p = 0.003) were significantly lower and orosomucoid 2 (3.1 ± 0.1 mg/mL versus 2.3 ± 0.1 mg/mL; p < 0.001) was significantly higher in VSD patients than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The plasma concentration of three acute phase proteins, haptoglobin, SAP, and orosomucoid 2 are altered that may reflect inflammation, be associated with decreased innate immune system function, and predispose the VSD patients to vulnerability to infections and pulmonary disease. These three proteins in plasma may also be developed as biomarkers for the function of innate immune system in patients with congenital heart disease.
PURPOSE:Ventricular septal defect (VSD) has intracardiac left-to-right shunt and increased pulmonary flow that may affect the acute phase response (APR). We examined the hypothesis that plasma proteins of VSDpatients may be altered. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 2DE and MS were used to detect differential plasma proteins in VSDpatients (n = 55) and controls (n = 70). Candidate APR proteins were confirmed by ELISA in new samples. RESULTS: Among three differentially expressed APR proteins from 322 protein spots detected, haptoglobin (0.4 ± 0.04 versus 0.6 ± 0.07 mg/mL; p = 0.016) and serum amyloid P-component (SAP) (3.8 ± 0.2 versus 6.3 ± 0.8 ng/mL; p = 0.003) were significantly lower and orosomucoid 2 (3.1 ± 0.1 mg/mL versus 2.3 ± 0.1 mg/mL; p < 0.001) was significantly higher in VSDpatients than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The plasma concentration of three acute phase proteins, haptoglobin, SAP, and orosomucoid 2 are altered that may reflect inflammation, be associated with decreased innate immune system function, and predispose the VSDpatients to vulnerability to infections and pulmonary disease. These three proteins in plasma may also be developed as biomarkers for the function of innate immune system in patients with congenital heart disease.