Xiuli He1, Eva Hartlieb2, Lena Rothmund1, Jens Waschke2, Xiao Wu3, Kirsten L Van Landuyt4, Stefan Milz5, Bernhard Michalke6, Reinhard Hickel7, Franz-Xaver Reichl1, Christof Högg8. 1. Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. 2. Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr 11, 80336 Munich, Germany. 3. Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Cooperation Group of Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Ingolstädter Landstr 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. 4. KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. 5. Department of Anatomy II - Neuroanatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr 11, 80336 Munich, Germany. 6. Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. 7. Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. 8. Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: christof.hoegg@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used for implants and other dental materials. In this study, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, cellular uptake and size of three kinds of Ti particles were measured. METHODS: Cytotoxicity for Ti microparticles (Ti-MPs, <44 μm), NiTi microparticles (NiTi-MPs, <44 μm), and Ti nanoparticles (Ti-NPs, <100 nm) in periodontal ligament (PDL)-hTERT cells was measured with XTT test. DNA damage was determined with comet assay. Particle size was measured with scanning electron microscope, intracellular uptake was determined with laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The EC50 values of investigated particles were: 2.8 mg/ml (Ti-NPs), 41.8 mg/ml (NiTi-MPs) and >999 mg/ml (Ti-MPs). The Olive Tail Moment (OTM) values at 1/10 EC50 were: 3.2 (Ti-NPs) and 2.2 (NiTi-MPs). An OTM of 2.2 for Ti-MPs was detected at the concentration of 6666 μg/ml. Determined sizes of investigated particles were 20-250 nm (Ti-NPs), 0.7-90 μm (NiTi-MPs) and 0.3-43 μm (Ti-MPs). The highest cellular uptake efficiency was observed with Ti-NPs, followed by Ti-MPs and NiTi-MPs. Only Ti-NPs were found in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: Compared to Ti-MPs and NiTi-MPs, Ti-NPs induced higher cellular uptake efficiency and higher toxic potential in PDL-hTERT cells. Ni in the alloy NiTi induced an increase in the toxic potential compared to Ti-MPs.
INTRODUCTION:Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used for implants and other dental materials. In this study, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, cellular uptake and size of three kinds of Ti particles were measured. METHODS:Cytotoxicity for Ti microparticles (Ti-MPs, <44 μm), NiTi microparticles (NiTi-MPs, <44 μm), and Ti nanoparticles (Ti-NPs, <100 nm) in periodontal ligament (PDL)-hTERT cells was measured with XTT test. DNA damage was determined with comet assay. Particle size was measured with scanning electron microscope, intracellular uptake was determined with laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The EC50 values of investigated particles were: 2.8 mg/ml (Ti-NPs), 41.8 mg/ml (NiTi-MPs) and >999 mg/ml (Ti-MPs). The Olive Tail Moment (OTM) values at 1/10 EC50 were: 3.2 (Ti-NPs) and 2.2 (NiTi-MPs). An OTM of 2.2 for Ti-MPs was detected at the concentration of 6666 μg/ml. Determined sizes of investigated particles were 20-250 nm (Ti-NPs), 0.7-90 μm (NiTi-MPs) and 0.3-43 μm (Ti-MPs). The highest cellular uptake efficiency was observed with Ti-NPs, followed by Ti-MPs and NiTi-MPs. Only Ti-NPs were found in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: Compared to Ti-MPs and NiTi-MPs, Ti-NPs induced higher cellular uptake efficiency and higher toxic potential in PDL-hTERT cells. Ni in the alloy NiTi induced an increase in the toxic potential compared to Ti-MPs.
Authors: Jie J Yao; Eric A Lewallen; William H Trousdale; Wei Xu; Roman Thaler; Christopher G Salib; Nicolas Reina; Matthew P Abdel; David G Lewallen; Andre J van Wijnen Journal: Biores Open Access Date: 2017-07-01
Authors: A R Ribeiro; S Gemini-Piperni; R Travassos; L Lemgruber; R C Silva; A L Rossi; M Farina; K Anselme; T Shokuhfar; R Shahbazian-Yassar; R Borojevic; L A Rocha; J Werckmann; J M Granjeiro Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2016-03-29 Impact factor: 4.379